Male and Female Reproductive Systems Sexual Education Lesson #2

BELLRINGER You have 2 minutes to list as many parts of the male reproductive anatomy that you can think of…(Ex: penis)

Ever wonder how the universe could allow the existence of someone as annoying as your bratty little brother or sister?

The answer lies in reproduction. If people — like your parents (ew The answer lies in reproduction. If people — like your parents (ew!) — didn't reproduce, families would die out and the human race would cease to exist.

All living things reproduce… REPRODUCTION the process by which organisms make more organisms like themselves

REPRODUCTION Reproduction is something that sets living things apart from nonliving matter. But even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, unlike other body systems it's not essential to keeping an individual alive.

Sex Cells Aka “gametes” The male gamete Female gamete sperm Egg or ovum

Male and Female Sex Cells These cells meet in the female's reproductive system to create a new individual. Both the male and female reproductive systems are essential for reproduction.

Genes Humans, like other organisms, pass certain characteristics of themselves to the next generation through their genes the special carriers of human traits. come from the father's sperm and the mother's egg The genes parents pass along to their children are what make children similar to others in their family, but they are also what make each child unique.

Male Reproductive System Male reproductive organs Aka: genitals (pronounced: jen-ih-tulz) located both inside and outside the pelvis The male genitals include: the testicles the duct system (epididymis and vas deferens) the accessory glands (seminal vesicles and prostate gland) penis

Testicles There are two testicles (pronounced: tes-tih-kulz) Aka: testes (pronounced: tes-teez) They produce and store millions of tiny sperm cells. oval-shaped grow to be about 2 inches (5 centimeters) in length and 1 inch (3 centimeters) in diameter part of the endocrine system produce hormones, including testosterone (pronounced: tes-tos-tuh-rone).

Epididymis/Vas Deferens Part of the duct system Set of coiled tubes that connects to the vas deferens Vas Deferens Muscular tube Passes alongside testicles Transports semen

Scrotum Pouch-like structure Hangs outside the pelvis and houses the epididymis and the testicles Regulates temperature of testicles

Accessory Glands Provide fluid that lubricate the duct system and nourish sperm Seminal vesicles Urethra Channel that carries semen to the outside of the body through the penis Channel through which urine passes and leaves the bladder as it exits the body Prostate gland Produces some parts of semen Surrounds ejaculatory ducts at the base of the urethra

Penis Two parts Made up of spongy tissue that can expand and contract Shaft Glans Made up of spongy tissue that can expand and contract

Noctural Emission Also know as, “wet dream.” When a boy ejaculates in his sleep A completely normal part of puberty FOR MORE INFORMATION CHECK OUT: http://kidshealth.org/teen/expert/guy_stuff/expert_wet_dreams.html

Circumcision Removal of foreskin covering the glans Usually performed during the first days of a baby boy’s life Doesn’t alter the ability for the penis to function Not medically necessary Religious beliefs Hygiene cultural/social reasons

Sperm Very small (1/600th of an inch) Have a head (contains genetic material) and short tail (used to push themselves into the epididymis) Mixed with seminal fluid

Female Reproductive System Review Unlike the males, the female reproductive system is located entirely in the pelvis It’s job is to: Produce eggs Have sexual intercourse Protect and nourish the fertilized egg until it is fully developed Give birth

Vulva External part of the female reproductive organs Vulva means covering Covers the opening to the vagina

External Female Anatomy Mons pubis Fleshy area located just above the top of the vaginal opening Labia Two pairs of skin flaps Surround vaginal opening Clitoris Small sensory organ Urethra Carries urine from bladder to exit the body

Internal Reproductive Organs Vagina Muscular hallow tube Extends from uterus 3-5 inches long Can expand and contract to be wider and narrower Functions Sexual intercourse Pathway baby takes out of a woman’s body during childbirth Route for menstrual blood to leave uterus during a woman’s period Uterus Fallopian tube Ovaries

Internal Reproductive Organs Uterus Aka. Womb Connects to the vagina at the cervix Where a baby matures (not the stomach) Contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body (to accommodate a growing fetus) Contractions during child birth occur in the uterus and they help to push the baby out during labor Cervix Strong thick walls Normally very small but expands to allow a baby to pass

Internal Reproductive Organs Fallopian tube Located in the upper corners of the uterus Connect the uterus to the ovaries Ovaries Two oval-shaped organs Located in the upper right and left of the uterus Produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes (ovulation) Produce estrogen and progesterone (female sex hormones)

Menstruation Once a month a female ovulates and a tiny egg is sent into one of the fallopian tubes If the egg is not fertilized, it dries up and leaves the body about 2 weeks later This is called menstruation Blood and tissues from the inner lining of the uterus are the menstrual flow Lasts 3-5 days 1st period is called “menarche”

What is PMS? Discomfort is common in the days leading up to a girl’s period 7 days before the period begins Physical and emotional symptoms Acne Bloating Fatigue Backaches Sore breasts Headaches Constipation Diarrhea Food cravings Depression Irritability Difficulty concentrating/handling stress

Cramps Called “prostaglandins” Chemicals in the body that cause the muscles in the uterus to contract Causes dull or sharp pains

Monthly Cycle It takes about 2 years from a girls 1st period for her menstrual cycle to be regular Average for women is 28 days