Latin American Win Independence Chapter 8 Section 1 BY: Fauzieh Sadeghi

Social Classes in Spanish Colonial Societies

Quiz on Division of Colonial Society 1. In what ways are Creoles and Peninsular similar? They were both with European decent 2. In what ways are they different? Creoles were born in Latin America, and Peninsular were born on the (Spain)Iberian peninsula

Latin American Revolution Overview Causes: Leader: Effects: Problems in Spanish Empire The American Revolution and The French Revolution The Enlightenment Simon Bolivar: 1783-1830 Jose de San Martin: 1778-1850 Toussaint L’Ouverture Padre Miguel Hidalgo Political Effects-(Independent!) Economical Effects-(improvement, trade w/ many countries/profits) Social Effects-(Creoles had more power)

Revolution and Independence in Haiti First Latin American territory to become independent from its master(France) 500,000 enslaved Africans Strong enslaved African leader emerged- Toussaint L’Ouverture Under his leadership, French agreed to end slavery in this island Toussant’s friend, Jean-Jacques Dessalines fought, and won Haiti’s Independence L’Overture was sent to prison where he dies in a dungeon his brave life and tragic death earned his the “symbol of fight for liberty”

Extra Info on Haiti’s Independence Haiti's revolution was brutal L’Ouverture organized a group of peasant fighters to revolt against the Frenchguerrillas However Dessalines and Henri Christophe, on this island, made peace with France, which lead the abolishment of slavery Dessalines later became dictator of Haiti

Revolution in the Americas Quiz 1. Why do you think the French would grant freedom to African slaves? Slaves fought bravely and outnumbered their masters, and Dessalines and Christophe made peace with the French and convinced them to grant their freedom. 2. What does Haiti mean in the language of the Arawak natives, and why do you think it called this? It means “mountainous land,” and called so because it is a rugged land with many mountains

Creoles Lead Indepence Napoleon overthrows Spanish King Ferdinand VII Creoles believes the power is now shifted to the people Rebellion breaks out in parts of Latin America…..closer to Independence Two brilliant Creole generals, Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin, achieve South American Independence

Bolivar’s Route to Victory Native Venezuelan (the liberator) Declared independence from Spain in 1811 Led 2,ooo soldiers to Bogota, Colombia won Venezuela’s independence in 1821 Continued going south to Ecuador and met Jose de San Martin

San Martin Leads Southern Liberation Forces Native Argentinean Spanish forces near Peru and Chile were still a threat to Argentina’s Independence Martin and his army met Spanish forces led by Bernardo O’Higgins’ won Chile’s freedom San Martin and Bolivar met in Guayaquil, Ecuador to discuss how to drive Spanish forces out of Lima, Peru Spanish were defeated in Battle of Ayacucho(Peru)-1824 Peru’s freedom Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador formed Gran Colombia

Creoles Lead Independence Quiz 1. Name two important creoles leader, and their birth place? Bolivar-Venezuela San Martin- Argentina 2. True or False: After Bolivar won independence, he marched south to Colombia. True 3. Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador forms what? Gran Colombia 4. What battle was the Spanish defeated in? Battle of Ayacucho

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule In most Latin American countries, creoles led revolutionary movements Mexicoethnic/racial groups mixed more freely MexicoIndians and mestizos played the leading role

A Cry for Freedom Padre Miguel Hidalgo- educated priest in the small village of Dolores Believed in Enlightenment ideals Called for rebellion against Spanish(grito de Dolores-cry of Dolores) Went to Mexico City w/ his 80,000 men, and was defeated Jose Maria Morelos led revolution for 4 yrs Agustin de Iturbide, creoles officer, defeated Morelos

Mexico’s Independence Revolution in Spainpower to liberals Agustin de Iturbide called for Independence in 1821 Central America declared its absolute independence from Mexico

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Quiz True/false 1. In Mexico, ethnic/racial groups are more freely mixed True 2. Grito de Dolores means a cry of Dolores 3. Hidalgo marched to Mexico with 5,ooo men False- 80,000 men 4. Mexico won Independence in 1421 False-1821

Brazil’s Royal Liberator WON INDEPENDENCE WITHOUT ANY VIOLENCE 1807-Napoleon invaded Spain &Portugal French troops approached Lisbon, Portuguese capital Royal family escaped and went to Brazil Portuguese ran empire from Brazil After Napoleon’s defeat, royal family returned to Portugal Dom Pedro, kings son stayed behind in Brazil Dom Pedro’s father allowed him to be the King of Brazil, and finally agreed for Brazil to be independent from Portugal-1822

Brazil’s Royal Liberator Quiz 1. why was Brazil’s independence a unique period of Latin American history? No Bloodshed!!!! 2. why did the royal family escape to Brazil? French troops were coming! 3. what was the effect of Dom Pedro, the King’s son, staying behind in Brazil? Ruled Brazil independently

Central American Countries are also known as Banana Republic that includes; Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaraguaexperienced revolution as well

Modern Day Connection September 18, 2014- the result of vote for Scotland independence from Britain was cast people of Scotland spoke: ~44.7%YES ~55.3% NO Even though they didn’t win Independence, the voting was very civilized, and there was no bloodshed Two slogans: ~”Yes Scotland” ~”Better Together” Some arguments: Which currency an independent Scotland would use? Concern about public expenditure EU (European Union) membership North sea oil $$$$$$$$!!!!!!(Britain loves Scotland’s North  )