1 TEACHING BIOETHICS & MEDICAL HUMANITIES for MEDICAL STUDENTS in Indonesia Case of Gadjah Mada Soenarto Sastrowijoto CENTER FOR BIOETHICS & MEDICAL HUMANITIES Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta December 2005

2 INTRODUCTION  International Standard in Basic Medical Education (WFME, 2003) 1) Competence – based curriculum (Knowledge, skills, attitude/behaviors/ ethics  Development of Science & Technology : New technology and New techniques – economics issues – ethical problems (Fig.1)  Medical practice – Clinical decision making : scientific, ethics, legal and humanities based.

3  The limit number of Human resources for Bioethics teaching  policy issues !  Share experiences among countries in teaching bioethics for medical students  What kind of policy should be developed related to HR capacity building (in Bioethics and Humanities)  Education / Teaching / Training on Bioethics and Humanities to improving HR competencies (cognitive, psychomotor, affective) in Bioethics and Humanities INTRODUCTION

4 Medical Education Medical Practice MD Clinical Decision Making Education Standards Medical Education Standards Medical Care Standards 1.Scientific (EBM) 2. Ethics (Moral principles) 3.Legal (Act, Regulation) 4.Humane “Stake holders” Quality Assurance (Jaminan mutu) Social Accountibility

5 New Biomedical Sciences New Technology (Recombinant – DNA Technology) Methods of Medical SCIENCES Methods of Medical Sciences - TECHNIQUES Scholar Physicians Medical Technology INDUSTRY Economics of Medical Care ETHICAL ISSUES Drugs Devises Physical Setting

6 INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE National Core Curriculum, Teaching Ethics I - Various (before 1993) – Medical Care/ Service II - Humanities (1993) – Sensitive to Socio Economic, Culture, Anthropology, Religion, etc III - Bioethics & Medical Humanities (1997) – Combined Teaching Strategy - Conventional – senior lecturers – role Model - Structured lectures - Innovative/hybride/PBL Hidden Curriculum in Bioethics

7 UGM EXPERIENCE Before Nat. Core. Curric. I - Senior lecturer Nat. Core. Curric. II - Humanities (12 Credit) Team teaching Bioethics & Medical Humanities Structured – Team teaching – lectures Semester1 - Ethics & Law I (one credit) 2 - Social Medicine I (two credits) 3 - Behavioral medicine I (one credit) 4 - Medicine Philosophy (two credits) 5 - Behavioral Medicine II (one credit) 7 - Behavioral Medicine III (one credit) Teaching Strategy : Conventional lecturing

UGM started PBL and Student Centered Curriculum Bioethics and Medical Humanities is in Block VI at the end of year I (Fig. 2) - The Topic Tree (Fig. 3) Block VI consisted of 3 Modules : Bioethics, Medical Behavior, and Medical Law. Each of modul – some learning units for SGD WHO Searo - Material for Bioethics teaching (WHO – SEARO) - Field studies (India, Thai, Indonesia, etc) - Results - accepted, sincronized with the local issues. - case studies (learning unit) of Block VI should be renewal continuously

9 Fig. 2

10 Fig. 3

11 By time, teaching Ethics for undergraduate medical students developed appropriately. Development of Contents (ethics, bioethics & medical humanieties, (attitude behavior, ethics, law, civics & religion) ; teaching strategies, conventional to innovative (student – centered and PBL) ; faculty member capability (degree programme, Master & Doctoral, training, workshop, scientific meeting) Workshop and trainings WHO and UNESCO, or others strengthening Medical Health Institution – Educations. In Indonesia the “National Networking for Bioethics and medical Humanities” was established in 2000, with their National Scientific Conference each two years, also strengthening, Teaching Bioethics. DISCUSSION

12 CONCLUSION The effort of the Educational institution in ballancing of knowledge, skills and attitude/ behavior / ethics teaching should be continuously renewed. Sharing experience in teaching bioethics and medical humanities could be regularly carried out through networking / partnership/collaboration activities, among institutions/ countries National policy should be developed ! Related to Bioethics and Humanities experts, for services, research and education

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