Ch 9, Section 4 Progressivism under William Howard Taft

Who won the Presidential election of 1908? William Howard Taft (Republican) Taft was Secretary of War under Teddy Roosevelt 2. In the 1908 election, which Democrat did William Howard Taft defeat? William Jennings Bryan

3. In many ways, the Taft Administration was what? Progressive…but not fanatical 4. How was William Howard Taft different from Teddy Roosevelt? He was more cautious He did not have Roosevelt’s outgoing personality Taft never won over the American public as Teddy Roosevelt had done

5. From the 1860 Presidential election through the 1908 Presidential election, which Party had won every election but two? The Republicans They Republicans won: 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1888, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1908

6. From 1860 through 1908, which two Presidential elections did the Democrats win? 1884 and 1892 7. Which Democrat won in 1884 and 1892? Grover Cleveland

8. By 1910, which political party was beginning to split into Progressive versus Conservative wings? The Republican Party 9. In the 1910 midterm elections, which party won control of the U.S. House of Representatives? The Democratic Party, for the first time in nearly 20 years

10. In 1910, former President Teddy Roosevelt (still a Republican) began to call for what? A New Nationalism in which the federal government would exercise power on behalf of “the welfare of the people.” 11. Increasingly, Teddy Roosevelt was in conflict with whom? President Taft and much of the Republican Party

12. By 1912, former president, Theodore Roosevelt had decided to do what? Run for President, but not as either a Republican or Democrat 13. As a figure of speech, what do we call candidates who are not Republicans or Democrats? Third Party candidates

14. What Party did Teddy Roosevelt (aka “T.R.”) represent? The Progressive Party 15. What was the Progressive Party’s nickname in 1912? The Bull Moose Party

16. Why was the Progressive Party called the “Bull Moose Party?” In response to an question about his health, T.R. responded that he was as “healthy as a bull moose,” and the name stuck. 17. What were some of the things that TR’s Bull Moose Party supported? Direct election of U.S. Senators Women’s suffrage Workmen’s compensation Eight-hour workdays Minimum wages for women Federal ban on child labor

18. In 1912, who did the Democratic Party nominate as its candidate for the presidency? Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey 19. What did Republican voters do in 1912? They split between Taft and Roosevelt 20. What other significant “Third Party” candidate ran for the presidency in 1912? Eugene V. Debs, a Socialist

21. Thus who were the four major presidential candidates and parties in the election of 1912? President William Howard Taft, Republican Governor Woodrow Wilson, Democrat Former President Teddy Roosevelt, Progressive (Bull Moose) Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Party

22. Between which two candidates did the election campaign turn particularly nasty? Taft versus Roosevelt (Republican versus former Republican) 23. What were some of the insults thrown by Roosevelt and Taft Taft called TR a “dangerous egotist” TR called Taft a “fathead” and a “guinea pig”

24. Republican disunity helped whom the most? Woodrow Wilson, the Democrat 25. Who ultimately won the Presidential election of 1912? Woodrow Wilson He became President on March 4, 1913

26. What was the final score in electoral votes in the 1912 Presidential election? Wilson (Dem) 435 Electoral votes Roosevelt (Prog) 88 Electoral votes Taft (Republican) 8 Electoral votes Debs (Socialist) 0 Electoral votes

27. What percent of the popular vote did Democrat Woodrow Wilson receive? About 42% 28. What did Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs all have in common? They were all Progressives who devoted to economic and social reform in some shape, form, or fashion

29. What was the approximate final score in terms of popular votes in the 1912 election? Wilson (Dem) 6,300,000 Roosevelt (Prog) 4,100,000 Taft (Republican) 3,400,000 Debs (Socialist) 900,000

30. Fundamentally, why did the Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, win the Presidential Election of 1912? The Republican vote was divided between Roosevelt and Taft, thus ensuring Wilson’s victory