Form from heat, pressure, and hot liquids (fluids) Metamorphic comes from Greek words meaning "change" and "form".

Form kilometers beneath Earth Changes at temperatures of 100°C - 800°C If you squeeze and heat a rock for a few million years, it can turn into a new kind of rock.

1.Leftover heat from the formation 2.Radioactive Decay – radioactive elements like uranium decay and release heat

Layers of rock piled on top of layers and layers of rock. The layers on the bottom get squeezed. The thicker the layers, the more pressure there is.

1.Contact Metamorphism Rocks changes when in close contact to magma chambers Hot fluids (water, carbon dioxide) can dissolve some elements in rock and change the composition

Deep underground, zones of metamorphism form around the hot magma of batholiths.

2.Regional Metamorphism Pieces of the lithosphere crash into each other Rocks get squished and change deep within mountain ranges Pieces of crust can also be pulled below another and altered by high pressure and temperature

Common Metamorphic Rocks ClassificationMetamorphic Rock Parent RockCommon Minerals Foliated (Banded) SlateShale, mudstoneQuartz, clay minerals (feldspars) SchistShale, slate, basalt, or graniteMica, chlorite, talc, quartz GneissShale, schist, granite, sandstone, and other rock types Quartz, feldspars Non-Foliated (Not Banded) QuartziteSandstoneQuartz MarbleLimestone, dolomiteCalcite Anthracite coalBituminous coalCrystalline carbon

Slate formed from shale

Schist formed from shale, slate, basalt, or granite

Quartzite formed from sandstone

Classified according to composition & texture Foliated texture - mineral grains line up in parallel layers to exhibit banding or layering (ex. slate & gneiss) Non-foliated texture - mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers (ex. quartzite) gneiss Slate quartz

Foliated or Banded Rock – minerals are lined up parallel to the surface; can appear striped Flattened minerals Folded Layers Sparkly, shiny thin layers Looks like it is one solid color (homogenous)