ALYSE SCHWARTZ CAPITAL UNIVERSITY ADVISOR: DR. CHERYL DOBROKA Comprehension Strategies: Emergent and Young Readers

My Experience *Charter School *Content Area Reading Strategies *Three Students *Literacy at home *Individualized Education Plans (IEP) *Computer Based Learning

Goal Increase reading comprehension through use of comprehension strategies

Key Terms Scaffolding Modeling Explicit Instruction Active Engagement Accommodation and Assimilation Encoding and Decoding Differentiation

Encoding and Decoding Decoding-Ability to read Encoding-Comprehending what is read

Differentiation Each student is an individual-make the classroom work for everyone High Quality Instruction!

Example of Differentiation

Accomodation and Assimilation Accomodation-Changing what we know to add new information Assimiliation-Adding information to what we already know

Active Engagement Involving students Hands-on Not lecture based

Scaffolding Providing support to a student and slowly moving away from the amount of support given as student acquires skill

Explicit Instruction Direct Engaging Modeling Setting purpose

Comprehension Strategies Using Resources Note-taking Graphic Organizers Reading Guides Multiple Modalities Read Alouds High 5! Making Connections Games

Comprehension Strategies Continued

Using Resources Vocabulary Acquisition-DIRECT INSTRUCTION Examples: Thesaurus, glossary, “fact finder” ProsCons/Consider ation *Independence*Teach each resource one at a time

Note Taking Remember and Recall Directly teach and practice Examples: Guided Notes ProsCons/Consider ations * Reference tool*Teach paraphrasing

Modeling How to take good notes! 1. Write the date at the top of your paper 2. Write the subject (Social Studies, Math, etc.) 3. Write what you are learning about in each subject 4. Write down key words and their definitions *Many times key words are words that are highlighted or in bold font. Other times, you can find key words by looking for words that are in the book more than one time. 5. Write neatly and give spaces in between each definition and word. 6. Write down examples to help you remember how to complete a problem (This is especially helpful in math!) Different ways to take notes: 1. Number or letter your notes 2. Highlight words in your notes 3. Use bullets or stars in your notes 4. Use charts *There are lots of different ways to take notes, try different ways and see what you like best!

Graphic Organizers Visually organizing information Examples: Timelines, Venn Diagrams, Semantic Maps ProsCons/Consider ations *Makes abstract concrete *Select appropriate organizer

Example of Graphic Organizer

Reading Guides and Questioning Follow along with text-active process Key information Review and Discuss ProsCons/Consider ations *Own words *Combine reading and writing *Literal Questions *Guided Notes

Example of Pre-Reading Guide

Example of During-Reading Guide

Multiple Modalities & Making Connections Text to…. Prior knowledge Experiences Text/Pictures/Videos ProsCons *Attention *Engagement *None

Read Alouds & Shared Reading Young and emergent readers who are unable or in the early stages of learning to read ProsCons/Consider ations *Oral Language *Vocabulary *Print Awareness *Phonological Awareness *Dependency on others or computer

High 5! Background knowledge Questioning Text structure Mental Images “Making pictures in our head!” Summarizing ProsCons/Consider ations *Combination of strategies *Mental imagery is difficult

High 5! Strategy Continued 1. Activate background knowledge 2. Questioning 3. Analyzing text structure 4. Creating mental images 5. Summarizing

Making comprehension fun Reiterates previously learned concepts Examples: Games, Online Books ProsCons/Consider ations *Engaging *All ability levels *Overuse

Effectiveness of Strategies with my students

What I Learned Use multiple strategies! Teach one strategy at a time Consider Zone of Proximal Development Each strategy will work differently for each student and each text

Future Planning: What I still want to learn Other fun methods to teach and incorporate comprehension strategies Objectively assess reading comprehension Increase parent-involvement Creating a print-rich environment

Key to Reading Comprehension Tell me and I’ll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I’ll understand”-Chinese Proverb