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Roles of Social Forestry

Understanding Social Forestry Social Forestry a forestry which aims at ensuring economic, ecological, and social benefits to the people, particularly to the rural masses and those living below poverty line, specially by involving the beneficiaries right from the planning stage to the harvesting stage.

Some Initiative In Social Forestry In BD

Rajshahi & Dhaka Project In 1962-63 1962-63, two forest extension divisions, one at Rajshahi and other at Dhaka. The Programme activity initially was small and it never created impact on people. The activities failed to bring any change in the outlook of extension personnel.

Betagi And Pomora Model Social forestry project in Bangladesh was taken up by entrepreneurs like Mahbubul Alam Chashi, Mohammad Eunus and Abdul Alim at Betagi and Pomora, two remote denuded hills in Rangunia thana of Chittagong district. The number of participants reduced to 83 families from the initially inducted 101 families.

ADB Project in 1982-87 Social forestry in real sense of the term started with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) financed community forestry project. Project activities started in 1982 and completed in 1987 in seven districts.

Green Belt Project In1994-95 Based on Afforestation and Nursery Development Projects theme. The project area includes 10 districts of the coastal zone. The objective of the project is to reduce loss of life and damage to property

Social Forestry In Sustaining Food Security Physical access to food. Economic access to food.

Physical Access To Food 1 Social forestry supplying for Nutrition 2 social forestry in agricultural production 3 Sustaining agricultural production

Physical Access To Food Trees and forest products play an important role in ensuring adequate nutrition. By providing nutrients, forest products help to improve health of rural people.

Social forestry for Nutrition We can find Vitamin A in oil seeds. Edible leaves or yellow fruits. Forest products are used as curative rather than preventive medicines.

Social Forestry in agricultural production provide a direct source of regularly utilized foods supply essential nutrients and medicines. Provide a store house of genetic resources. Support fuel wood for cooking, preserving and processing foods.

Supplying Food In Time Of Famine Fruits sometimes contain fewer nutrients since trees store their energy supply in their roots. Trees or shrubs or different parts of the same plant may be eaten during famines. Trees store their energy supply in their roots.

Role Of Social Forestry In Economic Solvency Forests are a source of plants and animals. Fruit-bearing trees may be grown as a source of cash income. Under conditions of scarce land, capital or labour.

Achievements In Contemporary Bangladesh

Incremental Resources The National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment (2005-2007) shows that almost 50% of the country is under some sort of tree cover, largely as a result of social forestry.

Employment Employment opportunities in Bangladesh’s forestry sector is significant and about 0.335 million rural poor people are engaged in social forestry. Poverty Alleviation: Poor people in remote areas are improving their socio-economic situation

Biodiversity Conservation Trees planted on degraded forestland and in marginal areas are also conserving soil, water and biodiversity. With the introduction of co-management in protected areas, the non- consumptive benefits are helping to reduce poverty and conserve biodiversity.

Social Forestry And It’s Challenges

Maintaining Climatically Change Forests Can Help To Prevent : landslides on steep unstable slopes, minimize soil erosion, and regulate hydrological flows during years with abnormally high rainfall.

Forest Degradation And Encroachment A 1-meter rise in sea level would inundate 15% of Bangladesh, particularly low-lying floodplains and coastal areas. More people would become landless. Inappropriate land use devastates coastal mangroves, including the Sundarbans, and the conversion of forestland to agriculture is a major threat to ecological stability.

Adaptation flood management schemes to raise agricultural productivity in low lying areas. flood protection and drainage in urban areas . coastal embankment projects to prevent tidal flooding and incursions of saline water. cyclone shelters . disaster management . irrigation to grow crops in the dry season.

Social Forestry To Prevent Natural Disaster Construction material like bamboos, small timber and fuel wood to the affected people can be supplied. Temporary settlement of affected people in the degraded/open forest area can be provided. Employment opportunities to the affected people in the forestry activities can be provided. Immediate food supply under 'World Food Programme' and providing livelihood should be provided.

Soil Erosion Soil degradation due to over-exploitation is another major challenge to sustainable agricultural. Key strategic elements include land zoning, preventing soil and land loss through improved agronomic practices and river training works, land reclamation in the coast

Cyclone And Coastal Environment

Cyclone And Coastal Environment to the Bay of Bengal have been grouped into the coastal zone in terms of three geo-physical characteristics: interplay of tidal regime, salinity in soil and water, and cyclone and storm surge. . Bamboo and other hardy trees should be planted to act as windbreaker in coastal area against cyclone Contribution of Social Forestry after Disaster.

Following Steps Can Be Taken By Foresters

The Following Steps Can Be Taken By Foresters After The Time Of Disasters Construction material like bamboos, small timber and fuel wood to the affected people can be supplied. Also fodder for the cattle can be made available. Temporary settlement of affected people in the open forest area can be provided. Employment opportunities to the affected people in the forestry activities can be provided. Immediate food supply and livelihood should be provided

Recommendation Plantation along the banks of rivers, sea coast to prevent soil/sea erosion. Plantation in the steep slop areas to prevent landslides. encouraging the rural people/cattle owners for stall feeding and improve the cattle breed. Steps to prevent loss of bio-diversity, wildlife & awareness creation should be taken up.

Climate Change Threats To The Local Community Rising sea levels Increase in salinity intrusion Soil erosion Reduced water quality Changing seasonal water distribution Stagnation of saline water Coastal inundation

Adverse Impact & Developing Capacity Of Social Forest Resources Community disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies Planning processes and systems. Community based adaptive strategy builds confidence among individuals, households, communities in undertaking disaster adaptation, preparedness and mitigation. This leads to self-independent, self-reliance and community empowerment

Sustainable Development, Climate Change By implementing the capacity building‐Preparation of REDD readiness road map. Development of village forestry training center Introduction of effective village forest management mechanism along with wet land fisheries management. Introduction of co‐management in developing homestead forests and community forests to address the adverse effect of climate change Formation of co‐management committee for sustaining village forest resources Generate alternative income generating activities with the support of village forest resources

Some Important Means Of Village Based Adaptation To Climate Change Capacity development through utilizing village based biomass and other resource Enhancement of resilience capacity Specific and appropriate development intervention Community participation in risk response and risk reduction Scientific initiative to protect ecosystem Ensure distributive justice in sharing resources Enhancement of institutional capacity Gather scientific knowledge to address climate related vulnerabilities

Traditional Adaptation Technology Physical Financial Human Natural Social

Role of social forestry Contingency

Reconstruction Of Housing Before long-term plans for the reconstruction of housing . The available resources (land, labor power, skills, materials, equipment, access to transportation, and financial resources to support self-help). Remaining hazards that may be faced by people settling on certain sites. Economic data(previous rent levels, land prices, costs of materials

Role Of Social Forestry In Society The social functions of forests are often more difficult to measure and can vary considerably among countries, depending on their level of development and traditions. For example, in developed, post-industrial societies, the benefits of forests for recreation and amenity values or the maintenance of a rural way of life may be most important

Four Measures of Socio-Economic Functions: Employment in social forestry Ownership of forest and other wooded land Value of wood and non-wood forest product removals Areas of forest designated for social services

Role of Social Forestry in Household Needs Rural households which use wood fuels can respond in several ways to wood scarcity or to the rise in the real price of wood. Households may continue to consume the same amount of wood by spending a larger fraction of their income A rise in the price of wood also may cause households to substitute other fuels for wood.

Communal Benefits Large growing trees can come in conflict with utilities, views, and structures that are beyond the bounds of the owner’s property. With proper selection and maintenance, trees can enhance and function on one property without infringing on the rights and privileges of neighbors. City trees often serve several architectural and engineering functions.

Role Environmental Benefits The larger the tree, the greater the cooling effect. By using trees in the cities, we can moderate the heat-island effect caused by pavement and buildings in commercial areas. Wind speed and direction is affected by trees. The more compact the foliage on the tree or group of trees,. Air quality is improved through the use of trees, shrubs, and turf. Leaves filter the air we breathe by removing dust and other particulates. Rain then washes the pollutants to the ground.

Conclusion Social forestry has increasingly become the tool to establish multipurpose plantations and to maximize returns from social forestry as a land use. Social Forest communities are the most marginalized and vulnerable to climate change and their capacity to adapt depends not merely on limited benefits or livelihood options but on secure access to resources

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