Main slide Belladonna leaves. Common names Description & plant origin Constituents Atropine Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine and scopolamine Medications Drug interactions Contra-indications

Thin, long- pointed Black cherry Main slide

Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

Flowers pale purple Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

Main slide Black cherry Dr. Jaradat.N.A

Flowers pale purple Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

Black cherry Purple flower Belladonnine toxic alkaloid Main slide

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Atropa belladonna Family:Solanaceae Belladonna leaves: Deadly night shade leaves: Black Cherry leaves Folia Belladonnae Atropa belladonna Family:Solanaceae Main slide

Belladonna gained its name during the Middle Ages, when beautiful young women used it to dilate their pupils. Main slide

Perennial herbaceous plant (1m)height Flowers pale purple . Fruits black (black cherry). The leaves are thin, long- pointed . Odor : odorless . Taste : bitter. Native land : Central and Southern Europe . Main slide

Chemical constituents : Alkaloids tropane group (0.4%) Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopolamine Hyoscine Main slide

Atropine Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter. Main slide

Overdosage The following side effects are usually warning signs of overdose: 1.red skin 2. dry mouth. 3.abnormally fast heartbeat. 4.prolonged pupil dilation. 5.inability to focus. 6. overheating due to reduction of perspiration. 7. difficult urination. 8.severe constipation. High doses lead to symptoms such as restlessness, compulsion to talk, hallucinations, delirium, and manic attacks followed by sleep. Main slide

Much smaller doses are fatal in children. Doses of 5 to 50 grams (about 1 teaspoon to 3 tablespoons) can prove fatal for adults. Much smaller doses are fatal in children. Death usually results from asphyxiation. Main slide

Pharmacological effects & Uses 1- Atropine : anticholinergic agent : a) Main slide

b) Antispasmodic decrease intestinal hyper motility . c) Pupil dilator (mydriasis effect ) in the eyes surgery and in the eyes examinations . d) Parasympatholytic agent antidote in case of poisoning from: 1- pilocarpine 2-physostigmine 3-organophosphate insecticides. 4- Treatment of Intoxication by Amanita muscaria (toxic Mushroom). e) CNS stimulant (very dangerous to be used as CNS stimulant). Main slide

4- hyoscine : sedative effect used in case 2- Scopolamine (CNS depressant ) : treatment of motion sickness (nausea & vomiting ).antimuscarinic agent. 3- Hyoscyamine : control gastric secretions& intestinal hyper motility in treatment of peptic ulcer and colic's . 4- hyoscine : sedative effect used in case of colic's (renal and intestinal colic's ) Main slide

Drugs Atropine sulphate®:(Teva):1mg amp Drugs Atropine sulphate®:(Teva):1mg amp.a)reduction of salivation& bronchial secretions. b)poisons & toxic gases antidote c) before surgical operations to reduce secretions. Diastal® BP Diphenoxylated HCl+ Atropine sul. Tab Diarrhea Atropine sul. ® Rekah Atropine sul. 0.5mg Reduction of Smooth muscles motility Atrospan ® Fischer Drop Mydriatic Main slide

Kolik ® JCL Hyoscyamine Sul. Drops Colic Intestinal spasm Spastolate ® BPP Tab GIT disorders Normatyl-2 ® Jeph-arm Hyoscine Anxiety , GIT spasm Scopal-co ® hyoscine Scopolamine HBr ® Teva Scopolamine HBr Amp Sever motion sickness Main slide

Indications : Constipation including chronic and acute. Bilacton® : Trima :Dragees: Cascara bark+ Frangula bark + Belladonna dry extract. Indications : Constipation including chronic and acute. Main slide

Laxative® : Trima : Dragees : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder +Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract Indications: Constipation. Laxative Comp®: Teva : Tablets : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder + pulv. Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract Laxative effect. Main slide

I. Amantadine : (Paritrel®- Trima-Dragees). Possible Drug Interactions Belladonna can increase the side effects of the following drugs: I. Amantadine : (Paritrel®- Trima-Dragees). 1. Dopaminergic agent/Parkinson’s disease. 2.Viral replication inhibitor/ Prophylaxes and tmt of influenza. II. Quinidine: class 1 anti-arrhythmic agent (Quiniduran® -Teva/ Quinidine sulphate®–Trima-Tab.) III. Tricyclic antidepressant medications such as Imipramine- Tofranil®- Novartis-Tabs Main slide

CONTRA-INDICATIONS: Atropine is contra-indicated in patients with prostatic enlargement and glaucoma. Main slide

The best dose of Atropine before surgical operations: Children (above 1 year of age):0,010 mg –0,020 mg/kg body mass. Adults: 0,3 mg –0,6 mg I.M., about one hour before anaesthesia.   Main slide