Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)… Outgrowth of the NLM’s 1986 long-range plan – creation of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. Done using transverse CT, MR, and cryosection images of representative male and female cadavers. (Male sectioned at 1 mm intervals, female at 0.3 mm intervals) Long-term goal it to produce a system of knowledge structures that will transparently link visual knowledge forms of symbolic knowledge formats such as names of body parts. Please be sure you pick up handouts, and initial the attendance sheet; names are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER! You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.

General Information Who am I? Greg Erianne, Ph.D. Office SH 205 E-mail - CCM: gerianne@ccm.edu Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail) Web site: http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101/

Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1 Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb w Hoehn Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1 Slides 1-15; 80 min (with review of syllabus and Web sites) [Lecture 1] Slides 16 – 38; 50 min [Lecture 2] 118 min (38 slides plus review of course Web sites and syllabus)

Emergency Evacuation Procedures Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you. You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is (Please state staging area from accompanying chart). The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is: SH 100-level Classrooms/Labs Lawn above HH stairs, Parking lot 5 DH 100-level Classrooms Rear exit to lot 1 50 ft past walkway, Parking lot 1

Course Web Sites Our Web sites for this class are located at: http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main Web site) Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!) Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats) Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides Links to many other sites including PearsonWeb site Extra credit assignments http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary) You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science) You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site before Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it! (Course ID: MAPERIANNE12222) Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)

Overview of Today’s Lecture Course Web sites and Publisher Web site Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book Course Objectives and Syllabus Review Blueprint for success Organization of the Human Body Characteristics of Life Homeostasis Anatomical Terminology Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)

Textbook/Laboratory Manual Course Description Lecture / discussion format Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edition closely Figures used for class Laboratory Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 12th edition Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab

Major objectives of this course In general, you will… Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology Further develop your ability to think logically and critically Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…

Grading Summary for A&P I Lecture (Four lecture exams + Final Exam) **If Final Exam Score is higher than lowest Lecture Exam Score, lowest Lecture Exam Score will be replaced by Final Exam Score Lecture Exam 1 15.00% Lecture Exam 2 15.00% Lecture Exam 3 15.00% Lecture Exam 4 15.00% Final Exam 15.00% TOTAL 75.00% Lab (Three lab exams) **Please consult with your laboratory instructor as his/her requirements & grading scheme may differ Lab Exam 1 8.33% Lab Exam 2 8.33% Lab Exam 3 8.33% TOTAL 25.00% Letter Grade Numerical Average GPA Quality Points A 93.0 – 100.0 4.00 A- 90.0 – 92.9 3.67 B+ 87.0 – 89.9 3.33 B 83.0 – 86.9 3.00 B- 80.0 – 82.9 2.67 C+ 77.0 – 79.9 2.33 C 70.0 – 76.9 2.00 D 60.0 – 69.9 1.00 F < 59.9 0.00

Blueprint for Success Most importantly… Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture Ask questions if you don’t understand Continually review previously learned material Use all the study aids available to you ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!! **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!! **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself

Are you making the most of your time? If you want to know the value of one year, just ask a student who failed a course.  If you want to know the value of one month, ask a mother who gave birth to a premature baby.  If you want to know the value of a week, ask a newspaper editor. If you want to know the value of one hour, ask the lovers waiting to meet.  If you want to know the value of one minute, ask the person who just missed a bus, train, or plane.  If you want to know the value of one second, ask the person who just escaped death in a car accident.  And if you want to know the value of one-hundredth of a second, ask the athlete who won a silver medal in the Olympics. So are you making your days count? Are you making the most of your life? What will you do with the life you have left?  “The success of our life is not measured by its duration, but by its donation.” It’s not how long you live that counts, it’s how well and wisely you live.

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy – study of structure - Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?) - Cytology (microanatomy) – cells - Histology (microanatomy) – tissues Physiology – study of function - Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho- - Comparative physiology Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?

How Structure Determines Function Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Levels of Organization Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Important Definitions of Organizational Terms Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?) Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together *

Characteristics of Life What makes something ‘alive’, or living? Movement – change in position; motion Responsiveness – reaction to a change Growth – increase in size or cell number Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

Characteristics of Life (cont’d) Digestion – breakdown of food substances Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into different substances Excretion – removal of wastes Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids

Requirements of Organisms Water - most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW) - required for metabolic processes - required for transport - regulates body temperature Food - supplies energy - supplies raw materials to build/replace body components

Requirements of Organisms (cont’d) Oxygen - one-fifth of air - used to release energy from nutrients Heat - form of energy - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing

General Function of Organ Systems Figure from: Martini & Ober, Visual Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, 2011 A&P I A&P II Know BOTH of these tables for exam

Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb) Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous Rapidly-acting, short-term control (Skeletal muscle shown) Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system) Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Reproductive Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment **Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes. Receptors - provide information about environment Control center - tells what a particular value should be Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment

Homeostatic Mechanisms Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit. Slide moved ahead… Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Homeostasis Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this consistent (Interstitial fluid) The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside.

Homeostasis The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside. Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent (Interstitial fluid)

Homeostasis Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Homeostasis Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant! Continual variations occur in body systems Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B) Examples of negative feedback (most things) Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood glucose levels Examples of positive feedback Blood clotting, milk ejection, uterine contraction

Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d) Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit. Know the normal temperature of the body Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Serous Membranes Thoracic Membranes Abdominopelvic Membranes Thin layer of tissue lining a body cavity that secretes serous fluid Visceral layer – covers an organ Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall Thoracic Membranes Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Abdominopelvic Membranes Visceral peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Serous fluid –watery, protein-containing, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes

Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; Know what system is each organ a part of Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Review Anatomy = structure; physiology = function Structure determines function The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis

Review Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s) Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism Body cavities are lined by serous membranes Visceral (nearest to organ) Parietal (nearest to body wall; furthest from organ) Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities. *