9th Grade Social Studies Unit 2 The Renaissance -Black Plague activity Black plague video-History Channel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZBRdTSgjjI&list=PL5CA16571219212CE&index=1 -Black Plague effects video: start at 1:55 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lC3TvVOFBgY -Safari Montage- Introduction to Renaissance Video - 9th Grade Social Studies Unit 2

The Big Picture Major changes in Europe caused the medieval period to give way to a new period. As trade with the East increased, Europeans rediscovered the classical knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome. In Italy the growth of wealthy trading cities and new ways of thinking helped lead to a rebirth of the arts and learning known as the Renaissance. These ideas soon spread to northern Europe by means of trade, travel, and printed material, influencing the art and ideas of the north.

Why we study this unit: Renaissance art and literature still influence modern thought and modern art. Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong part of our popular culture and modern thought. It marks a turning point in history as we enter into a more modern era, where people live more like we do today.

Essential Questions: What ideas formed the foundation of the Italian Renaissance? What new techniques did artists add to the Italian Renaissance? How did the Renaissance spread to northern Europe? How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?

Units: Last Unit: The Middle Ages Current Unit: The Renaissance Next Unit: The Reformation

Italian Renaissance Terms Humanism Secularism Individualism Machiavelli Lorenzo de Medici Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Bramante Vernacular Patron Perspective

Northern Renaissance Terms Hanseatic League Gutenberg Printing press Christian Humanism Erasmus Sir Thomas More William Shakespeare Elizabeth I

The Black Plague

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ Black Death to Holla Back Girl

Oriental Rat Flea Yersinia pestis World Health Organization reports 1,000 to 3,000 cases of plague every year, globally. (2008)

How does this children’s rhyme show similarities to the black plague? Ring around the rosie, Pocket full of posies, Ashes, Ashes, We all fall down… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ Black Death to Holla Back Girl

Renaissance Themes

Renaissance Background Renaissance = Rebirth 1350 to 1600 Renewed interest in the culture of Ancient Rome and Greece Began in the Italian city-states Increase in trade Wealthy cities Rich Italian merchants

Theme 1: Humanism Definition: Intellectual movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome People should live a full life and welcome new experiences Focus on the here and now Wanted a better life in this world, rather then waiting for the afterlife (Middle Ages)

Theme 2: Secularism During the Renaissance the church no longer served as a source of stability and peace. People turned to a form of humanism developed by Petrarch known as secular humanism Secular: a worldly rather than spiritual focus, non-religious. The Church and the afterlife become less important to everyday people

Theme 3: Individualism The church teachings had stressed that individuality and achievement were relatively unimportant Humanists emphasized individual accomplishment It went against the medieval idea that a person is identified by their role in the feudal system Individual achievement and education could be fully expressed only if people used their talents and abilities in the service of their cities. People began to express their own ideas about life and art People began to speak out against long-held customs and beliefs

Essential Question 1: What ideas formed the foundation of the Italian Renaissance? HINTS: Black Plague What is the Renaissance? What did each theme (humanism, secularism, and individualism) do overall? How did each theme change people’s lives

1. What ideas formed the foundation of the Italian Renaissance? Renaissance is the term for “rebirth” which focused on the ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Renaissance represented a shift away from the Middle Ages and towards the themes of secularism, humanism, and individualism. Humanism is a focus on the here and now instead of the afterlife. Secularism led to a decline of church power. Individualism represented a focus on individual accomplishment rather than feudal roles.

Italian Renaissance Writers

Background on The Prince - Written by Machiavelli in 1513 A statesmen and political advisor for the Medici family in Florence

THE PRINCE by Machiavelli It was written as a “how to guide” for rulers on how to gain and maintain power

2 views on Machiavelli’s intention The Prince is a true representation of Machiavelli’s political thought he favored absolute rule ( 1 person rule, tyrant) urged rulers to be ruthless and use whatever means were necessary The Prince is really a satire aimed at criticizing the absolute rule of the Medici family really supported a republican form of government (democracy) Satire was used to mask his true intention and protect him from those in power

What do you notice about the image?

The Renaissance

Medieval Art Highly influenced by religion Most artists came from monasteries Almost all major art was commissioned by the church Artists painted in a way that emphasized religious images and symbolism rather than realism.

Medieval Art Painters paid little attention to making humans and animals look lifelike or creating natural looking landscapes Images often looked flat Human figures appeared stiff and disproportionate

Renaissance Techniques - Roman art had been very realistic, and Renaissance painters developed new techniques for representing both humans and landscapes in realistic ways. Perspective: artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a three-dimensional effect Shading: used to make objects look round and real Painters and sculptors studied human anatomy and drew from live models This allowed them portray the human body more accurately than medieval artists had done

How is this Renaissance painting different? The figures are more realistic and the human body is accurately depicted and it has perspective. While Masaccio’s figures are not as highly realistic as those created by later Renaissance artists, they are a definite departure from human figures in medieval art. Masaccio, who was trained in medicine and was therefore probably somewhat familiar with the study of the human body, clearly tried to re-create actual human anatomy in The Trinity. This is not readily apparent in the four figures below the cross, since they are covered in robes: however, even the robes appear draped in a realistic way. The figure of Jesus is the best showcase of Masaccio’s skills: the torso and arms are well defined with mostly accurate-looking musculature. Masaccio probably used a human model as an image to paint from, though this technique was not used by many medieval artists.

Why was Renaissance Art revolutionary? The ideas of humanism, realism, and classicism are all reflected Humanists focused on human potential and achievements Artworks glorify the human body and reflect classical influence. Use of perspective (3-D) New emphasis on individuals that reveal their subject’s personality

The Northern Renaissance

Europe 1500

Why the late start in the north? The Italian Renaissance started in the 1300s By the late 1400s, Renaissance ideas had spread to Northern Europe England, France, Holy Roman Empire (Germany) and Flanders (now part of France and the Netherlands) Economic growth began later, which delayed the region’s ability to support the arts. By 1450, the population of Northern Europe, which had declined due to the bubonic plague, was beginning to grow again Cities grew rapidly in France and England Urban merchants became wealthy enough to support artists

Spread of the Italian Renaissance England and France were unified under strong monarchs that sponsored the arts by purchasing and supporting the artists and writers Movement of artists and scholars between Italy and Northern Europe Printing Press Made information available and inexpensive A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning

Northern Humanists Impact on humanism People in the north used the humanist ideas to examine the traditional teachings of the Church They were critical of the failure of the Christian Church to inspire people to live a Christian life. This criticism led to Christian Humanism Focus was on reforming of society Education was stressed Erasmus Focus on religious reform and education Thomas More Focus on social reform and the creation of a model society

Elizabethan Age The Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500s Named for Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek She supported the development of English art and literature The theatre flourished under her patronage The most famous writer of this age was William Shakespeare. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLg-ziZg2fc&list=PL7EFCA8757FA66B44&index=3&feature=plpp_video

N. Renaissance Artwork

Key Components of N. Renaissance Artwork Vibrant Used oil paints Depicted everyday or ordinary people Focused on what they actually saw