Beowulf an epic poem
What is an epic or a saga? A long story, often in the form of a poem Based on historic or legendary events Tells the exploits of a hero Characters & events are exaggerated and glorified
Beowulf as Literature Earliest example of English poetry 3200 lines long Sounds include rhythm & alliteration Does not rhyme Language is Anglo-Saxon -- an early form of English
History of the Poem Setting: Denmark and Sweden in the ’s Composed orally between Author (or authors) unknown Performed by bards (storytelling singers/poets) First written about 1000 by monks Monks may have changed the original pagan references to Christian ones
Beowulf in Danger! England in King Henry VIII orders all monasteries destroyed England in King Henry VIII orders all monasteries destroyed manuscript eventually ended up with Sir Robert Cotton (collector of manuscripts, books, coins) manuscript eventually ended up with Sir Robert Cotton (collector of manuscripts, books, coins) kept in one of the largest private libraries in England one century after his death, Cotton’s house caught fire
manuscript badly scorched, some parts were totally destroyed Danish scholar, G.J. Thorkelin made two copies of Beowulf and took them back to Denmark Danish scholar, G.J. Thorkelin made two copies of Beowulf and took them back to Denmark Thorkelin’s library and papers destroyed in 1807 moved to the British Museum in 1753
Thorkelin started over, published his version in 1815 conservation of the manuscript began in 1845 now in the British Library in London... except Beowulf!
The Story of Beowulf... and why it’s cool a poem in three parts, each with a monster
The Setting of Beowulf... Norway Sweden Denmark Modern Germany
The Story of Beowulf... and why it’s cool Part 1 - Beowulf sails from Sweden to Denmark with fourteen warriors to help King Hrothgar get rid of Grendel Part 1 - Beowulf sails from Sweden to Denmark with fourteen warriors to help King Hrothgar get rid of Grendel
The Story of Beowulf... and why it’s cool Part 2 - A relative of Grendel’s gets involved in revenge
The Story of Beowulf... and why it’s cool Part 3 - Fire-breathing dragon is rudely awakened
Beowulf, a Geat (from southern Sweden) Beowulf, a Geat (from southern Sweden) Hrothgar, King of the Danes (from Denmark) Hrothgar, King of the Danes (from Denmark) Unferth, a Dane Unferth, a Dane Higlac, King of the Geats, Beowulf’s uncle Higlac, King of the Geats, Beowulf’s uncle Queen Welthow, Hrothgar’s wife Queen Welthow, Hrothgar’s wife Queen Higd, Higlac’s wife Queen Higd, Higlac’s wife Wiglaf, a Geat, Beowulf’s cousin Wiglaf, a Geat, Beowulf’s cousin Characters (the humans)
Life During the Time of Beowulf AD AD Viking culture in Scandinavia Viking culture in Scandinavia Farmers, fishermen, & seafarers Farmers, fishermen, & seafarers Warrior culture: loyalty, courage, revenge Warrior culture: loyalty, courage, revenge Raided coastal Europe Raided coastal Europe
People gathered and listened to heroic stories Poems were sung and accompanied by harp Entertainment
page of the Beowulf manuscript
Feasting in a great hall
Sir Robert Cotton
Thorkelin’s manuscript of Beowulf
Viking ship