Peer-to-Peer and Social Networks Introduction. What is a P2P network Uses the vast resource of the machines at the edge of the Internet to build a network.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Performance in Decentralized Filesharing Networks Theodore Hong Freenet Project.
Advertisements

SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS SEMINAR INTRODUCTORY LECTURE Danny Hendler and Yehonatan Cohen Advanced Topics in on-line Social Networks Analysis.
Complex Network Theory
Complex Networks Luis Miguel Varela COST meeting, Lisbon March 27 th 2013.
1 Analyzing Kleinberg’s Small-world Model Chip Martel and Van Nguyen Computer Science Department; University of California at Davis.
‘Small World’ Networks (An Introduction) Presenter : Vishal Asthana
Small-world networks.
The Small World of Software Reverse Engineering Ahmed E. Hassan and Richard C. Holt SoftWare Architecture Group (SWAG) University Of Waterloo.
Online Social Networks and Media Navigation in a small world.
P2P Topologies Centralized Ring Hierarchical Decentralized Hybrid.
P2P Topologies CentralizedCentralized RingRing HierarchicalHierarchical DecentralizedDecentralized HybridHybrid.
Sociology and CS Philip Chan. How close are people connected? Are people closely connected, not closely connected, isolated into groups, …
Advanced Topics in Data Mining Special focus: Social Networks.
Identity and search in social networks Presented by Pooja Deodhar Duncan J. Watts, Peter Sheridan Dodds and M. E. J. Newman.
CS 599: Social Media Analysis University of Southern California1 The Basics of Network Analysis Kristina Lerman University of Southern California.
Company LOGO 1 Identity and Search in Social Networks D.J.Watts, P.S. Dodds, M.E.J. Newman Maryam Fazel-Zarandi.
Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks Barabasi & Albert Science, 1999 Routing map of the internet
Small Worlds Presented by Geetha Akula For the Faculty of Department of Computer Science, CALSTATE LA. On 8 th June 07.
T HE S TRUCTURE OF S CIENTIFIC C OLLABORATION N ETWORKS & R ESEARCH F UNDING N ETWORKS CS790g Complex Networks Jigar Patel November 30 th 2009.
Social Phenomena 14 April. Class Discussion  Discuss the recent case of cyberbullying  Specifically,
CS 728 Lecture 4 It’s a Small World on the Web. Small World Networks It is a ‘small world’ after all –Billions of people on Earth, yet every pair separated.
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon: Is it really a small world after all ? Peter Trapa Department of Mathematics University of Utah High School Program June 13,
Peer-to-peer: an overview Selo TE P2P is not a new concept P2P is not a new technology P2P is not a new technology Oct : first transmission.
Community Structure and Rumor Blocking Ding-Zhu Du University of Texas at Dallas.
Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Networks. What is a P2P network Uses the vast resource of the machines at the edge of the Internet to build a network that.
The Structure of Networks with emphasis on information and social networks T-214-SINE Summer 2011 Chapter 2 Ýmir Vigfússon.
Social Media Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc.. What is Social Technology?  Communication tools  Interactive tools  Examples?
Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Networks. What is a P2P network A P2P network is a large distributed system. It uses the vast resource of PCs distributed.
Approximation Algorithms in Computational Social Networks Weili Wu Ding-Zhu Du University of Texas at Dallas.
Section 8 – Ec1818 Jeremy Barofsky March 31 st and April 1 st, 2010.
Social Networks 101 P ROF. J ASON H ARTLINE AND P ROF. N ICOLE I MMORLICA.
Small World Social Networks With slides from Jon Kleinberg, David Liben-Nowell, and Daniel Bilar.
Small-world networks. What is it? Everyone talks about the small world phenomenon, but truly what is it? There are three landmark papers: Stanley Milgram.
LINKING MEDICAL DISCIPLINES WITH THEORIES OF THE SMALL-WORLD Renée G. Rubin.
COM1721: Freshman Honors Seminar A Random Walk Through Computing Lecture 2: Structure of the Web October 1, 2002.
COLOR TEST COLOR TEST. Social Networks: Structure and Impact N ICOLE I MMORLICA, N ORTHWESTERN U.
Complex Networks First Lecture TexPoint fonts used in EMF. Read the TexPoint manual before you delete this box.: AA TexPoint fonts used in EMF. Read the.
Social Network Basics CS315 – Web Search and Data Mining.
Structural Properties of Networks: Introduction Networked Life NETS 112 Fall 2015 Prof. Michael Kearns.
Online Social Networks and Media
Professor Yashar Ganjali Department of Computer Science University of Toronto
COMS Network Theory Week 4: September 29, 2010 Dragomir R. Radev Wednesdays, 6:10-8 PM 325 Pupin Terrace Fall 2010.
Complex Network Theory – An Introduction Niloy Ganguly.
Social Network Analysis. Outline l Background of social networks –Definition, examples and properties l Data in social networks –Data creation, flow and.
Complex Network Theory – An Introduction Niloy Ganguly.
What Is A Network? (and why do we care?). An Introduction to Network Theory | Kyle Findlay | SAMRA 2010 | 2 “A collection of objects (nodes) connected.
CS:4980:0005 Peer-to-Peer and Social Networks Fall 2015 Introduction.
Small World Social Networks With slides from Jon Kleinberg, David Liben-Nowell, and Daniel Bilar.
Performance Evaluation Lecture 1: Complex Networks Giovanni Neglia INRIA – EPI Maestro 10 December 2012.
Analyzing Networks. Milgram’s Experiments “Six degrees of Separation” Milgram’s letters to various recruits in Nebraska who were asked to forward the.
Models and Algorithms for Complex Networks
Information Retrieval Search Engine Technology (10) Prof. Dragomir R. Radev.
Class 4: It’s a Small World After All Network Science: Small World February 2012 Dr. Baruch Barzel.
Computational Social Networks --computational data networks Weili Wu Ding-Zhu Du University of Texas at Dallas.
Topics In Social Computing (67810) Module 1 Introduction & The Structure of Social Networks.
GRAPH AND LINK MINING 1. Graphs - Basics 2 Undirected Graphs Undirected Graph: The edges are undirected pairs – they can be traversed in any direction.
CS:4980:0001 Peer-to-Peer and Social Networks Fall 2017
Social Networks Some content from Ding-Zhu Du, Lada Adamic, and Eytan Adar.
Lecture 23: Structure of Networks
CS:4980:0001 Peer-to-Peer and Social Networks Fall 2017
Lecture 1: Complex Networks
Structural Properties of Networks: Introduction
Network and the internet
Identity and Search in Social Networks
Lecture 23: Structure of Networks
Structural Properties of Networks: Introduction
Small World Networks Scotty Smith February 7, 2007.
Lecture 23: Structure of Networks
Graph and Link Mining.
Advanced Topics in Data Mining Special focus: Social Networks
Presentation transcript:

Peer-to-Peer and Social Networks Introduction

What is a P2P network Uses the vast resource of the machines at the edge of the Internet to build a network that allows resource sharing without any central authority. Client-Server vs. Peer-to-peer. A peer is both a client and a server. Control is decentralized. Much more than a system for sharing pirated music.

Why does P2P need attention? * This is old data *

Recent stuff Compared to CacheLogic’s 2004 data, the percentage of traffic consumed by P2P now may be somewhat lower, but on the other hand, Facebook and Twitter started using BitTorrent for video distribution

Historical Perspective The Internet originally emphasized working in the P2P mode instead of the client-server mode. SRI, UCLA, UCSB and University of Utah had powerful host machines forming a league of equals. ARPANET arranged to integrate them in the late 1960’s.

Historical Perspective The APRANET (predecessor of Internet) sites in December 1970 (taken from Kleinberg’s book)

Social Network [Wikipedia definition] A social network is a social structure made up of a set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) and the dyadic ties between these actors. The social network perspective provides a clear way of analyzing the structure of whole social entities.

Social networks This graph can represent various things. For example,  Each node is a friend and each edge is a friendship relation  Each node is an airport and each edge is an air route  Each node is power generating station, and each edge is a high voltage link connecting a pair of generating stations Abstract representation is a graph G=(V,E)

Social networks Social networks existed from the dawn of civilization, much before Facebook was invented. Facebook only created an electronic platform to facilitate socialization. Peer-to-peer networks are a much more recent invention primarily aimed at content sharing and content distribution without the assistance of a central server.

Six degrees of separation Six Degrees of Separation is a 1993 American film. (Real History) (1929) Frigyes Karinthy, a novelist in of Budapest wrote a book that contained a story called “Chains.” A character in this story suggested that he could link to any other inhabitant in the world through a chain of five acquaintances. (1967) Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment that validated this.

Milgram’s experiment Milgram arranged to send 160 envelopes to a group of randomly selected people from Wichita, Kansas and Omaha, Nebraska. Each envelope contained the following: 1. A document with the logo of Harvard on it. 2. Name, address and occupation (stock broker) of Milgram's friend in Boston, MA. 3. Instructions to get the package to the target person following specific rules: each person could only send the package to an acquaintance defined as being on "first name basis".

Milgram’s experiment Taken from Kleinberg’s book 64 of the 160 envelopes reached the target person. The median length of the chain was six

Shortcomings of Milgram’s experiment There were several shortcomings of this experiment. 1.Many envelopes did not reach the target person. 2.The sample size were too small 3.There was not much flexibility in the choice of the source and the target Should we still believe these results?

Facebook experiment Karl Bunyan (2009) Ran experiments on the Facebook platform with an application named "Six Degrees”, and calculated the degrees of separation between different pairs of users. Facebook had over 5.8 million users as seen from the group's page. The average separation between all pairs users of the application was 5.73 and the maximum degree of separation was found to be 12.

Erdős number  ErdősNumber (Erdős) = 0  If X is the coauthor of at least one paper with a person whose Erdős number is n, then Erdős number of X = n+1. These numbers are surprisingly small. Albert Einstein’s ErdősNumber is 2 Sriram Pemmaraju’s ErdősNumber is 2 Doug Jones’ ErdősNumber is 4 My ErdősNumber is 3 Co-authorship network

Kevin Bacon number Refers to distance measures in the co-actor network (available from Internet Movie Database) Similar to Erdős number but applies to movie actors.  Actor Kevin Bacon’s number is 0 by definition.  Anyone who has acted in a film with an actor whose Kevin Bacon number is has a Kevin Bacon number of IMDb database has more than 200,000 actors and actresses, but the Kevin Bacon numbers for them are surprisingly small.

Important questions  How does a social network evolve?  What are their structural properties?  Why are the degrees of separation so small?  How can we use some of these structural properties?  What are some of the important issues in social networks?