ASKING QUESTIONS ( ) & 3 RD CONJUGATION ( ) Lessons XVI & XVII

Asking Questions In Latin, as in English, there are two main types of questions: information questions and yes/no questions. To ask an information question in Latin, you use an INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN, ADJECTIVE, or VERB. exempli gratia Ubi est Italia? Quis in via ambulat? Quid spectas? Cur exclamavisti?

Asking Questions To ask a yes/no question, you add –ne to the end of the first word in the sentence. If you expect the answer to be yes, begin the sentence with NONNE. If you expect the answer to be no, begin the sentence with NUM. exempli gratia Marcusne Claram amat? Does Marcus love Clara? Nonne Marcus Claram amat? Marcus loves Clara, doesn’t he? Num Marcus Claram amat? Marcus doesn’t love Clara, does he?

3 rd Conjugation Verbs We’ve already learned how to conjugate the 1 st and 2 nd conjugations. We also know that 1 st conjugation verbs end with –o and –are in the first two principal parts......and that 2 nd conjugation verbs end with –eo and – ere in the first two principal parts. But 3 rd conjugation verbs end with –o and –ere in the first two principal parts.

3 rd Conjugation Verbs exempli gratia amo, amare, amavi, amatus is a 1 st conjugation word because its first two principal parts end with –o and –are. video, videre, vidi, visus is a 2 nd conjugation verb because its first two principal parts end with –eo and –ere. mitto, mittere, misi, missus is a 3 rd conjugation verb because its first two principal parts end with –o and –ere.

3 rd Conjugation Verbs The linguistic reason that the 1 st and 3 rd conjugations have an –o in the first principal part and not an –ao or an –eo is that the long a in the first conjugation and the short e in the third conjugation are weak compared to the long o at the end. Therefore, the o overtakes the long a and short e. However, the long e in the second conjugation is as strong as the long o, so the long o doesn’t overcome it and they share space.

3 rd Conjugation Verbs Because the short e is weak, it also doesn’t stay an e in front of the present tense (ostmustisnt) endings. Instead, it changes to an i or a u. Conjugating it with an e in front of the endings will change the tense from present to another tense, so it’s very important to make sure you’re using the right vowel and that you know whether you’re looking at a 2 nd conjugation verb or a 3 rd conjugation verb.

3 rd Conjugation Verbs exempli gratia pono, ponere, ponui, positus is a 3 rd conjugation verb that means to put or place. In the present tense, it’s conjugated: SingularPlural 1 st personpono = I placeponimus = we place 2 nd personponis = you placeponitis = y’all place 3 rd personponit = he/she/it placesponunt = they place

3 rd Conjugation Verbs The present tense imperative is also slightly different in the 3rd conjugation. In the 1 st and 2 nd conjugations, you take off the –re of the second principal part for the singular, and add –te for the plural. You do the same for the 3 rd conjugation, but in front of the –te ending, the short –e changes to –i. SingularPlural cede = Retreat!cedite = Retreat (you guys)!

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 causa, -ae (f.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 oppidum, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 atrium, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 sportula, -ae (f.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 tablinum, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 accedo, accedere, accessi, accessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 ago, agere, egi, actus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 excedo, excedere, excessi, excessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 mitto, mittere, misi, missus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 populus, -i (m.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 aequus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 latus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 publicus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 verus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 vester, vestra, vestrum

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 quis

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 quid

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 post (+acc.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 interim

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 mox

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 numquam

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 saepe

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 atque

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 et... et

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127 -que

Assignments Flashcards for Vocabulary Ex. A 1-4 and Ex. B 3-4 on pg. 122 Ex. A 4-6 and Ex. B 3-5 on pg. 126 Translation on pg. 124