Copyright © 2013 Mahindra EPC. All rights reserved.

Analysis Team Project Developer EPC Panel Cleaning String Monitoring Inverter & LT Panel Transformer & HT Switchgear Control Room, SCADA, HT Panels, Auxiliary Power Weather Monitoring Station General PV Plant Layout Evacuation Structure

The solar asset management post commissioing is generally done by a dedicated Operations & Maintenance (O&M) team. Prime Objectives of O&M team is to operate plant safely with minimum impact to environment & occupational health, while maximizing generation of the plant and minimizing downtime. Environmental Impact Analysis Occupational Health & SafetyEquipment Safety Safety Trainings Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis Emergency Management Plan Water Conservation Minimize Downtime Plant Monitoring Predictive Maintenance Breakdown Maintenance Spares Management Maximize Generation Soiling Impact Analysis Module Cleaning Periodic Reporting Benchmarking Layout Processes for Plant, Personnel and Planet safety Maximize Return on Investment

Maximizing Generation 4

Plant overview as seen through a PV Monitoring solution The current values should be within prescribed deviations. For e.g. 10% of max Cables to be checked for any fault / loose connection. The string modules to be cleaned if dust layer is found Cables to be checked for any fault / loose connection. The string modules to be cleaned if dust layer is found DC combiner box output Should be as per individual installed DC capacity Module cleaning to be initiated if dust is found on the serving PV field Equipment Standards & Limits Action plan in case of deviations Transformer parameters Should not exceed standard design capacity Load to be monitored. Shutdown to be taken for further checking Load to be monitored. Shutdown to be taken for further checking Plant Performance of individual cluster(s) may be affected due to underperforming string/combiner box Impact Due to deviation in parameters transformer will trip & lead to higher generation losses

Track Actual V/s Predicted values and take corrective action as per triggers Summary of instantaneous power and cumulative energy generated at a single glance Hourly performance ratio reporting for better generation tracking w.r.t peak hours Power evacuation status Monitoring of all relevant data in single window ParametersAction Plan in case of deviation Should be according to the prescribed performance ratio Data from inverter and irradiation sensors to be checked.; In case of abnormality, individual equipments to be checked Generation v/s actual Irradiation Cluster wise PR values Should be identical for all the clusters Individual inverters and combiner boxes to checked for abnormalities if any Standards & Limits Impact Performance of individual cluster(s) may be affected due to underperforming equipment

Summary of equipment parameters Device Health Real Time Monitoring of energy flow as per AC SLD Parameters Action Plan in case of deviation Energy Flow Voltage & current should be balanced and normal. Individual equipment to be checked for any abnormality. Standards & Limits Impact Abnormal values may lead to major breakdown of the respective equipment. Warranties of the equipments will be at risk Abnormal values may lead to major breakdown of the respective equipment. Warranties of the equipments will be at risk

Real Time Monitoring of graphs  Historical analysis of collected data.  Plant performance evaluation.  User-defined formulas to calculate efficiencies, trends, performance ratios, estimation of losses and alarm notifications.  Analysis tool to explore and detect errors and energy production losses.  Fast and reliable access to large amounts of captured data.  Remote monitoring and control enabled.  Historical analysis of collected data.  Plant performance evaluation.  User-defined formulas to calculate efficiencies, trends, performance ratios, estimation of losses and alarm notifications.  Analysis tool to explore and detect errors and energy production losses.  Fast and reliable access to large amounts of captured data.  Remote monitoring and control enabled. Performance Analysis

Curent and Power Deviation for the Month plotted  Shows module o/p power losses by ≈ 7.5% in eleven days due to dust accumulation on PV module surface  Module power drop by 0.7% per day due to dust/soil accumulation on PV module surface  Shows module o/p power losses by ≈ 7.5% in eleven days due to dust accumulation on PV module surface  Module power drop by 0.7% per day due to dust/soil accumulation on PV module surface Performance Analysis

Curent and Power Deviation for the Month plotted  Shows module o/p power losses by ≈ 7.5% in eleven days due to dust accumulation on PV module surface  Module power drop by 0.7% per day due to dust/soil accumulation on PV module surface  Shows module o/p power losses by ≈ 7.5% in eleven days due to dust accumulation on PV module surface  Module power drop by 0.7% per day due to dust/soil accumulation on PV module surface Performance Analysis

Minimizing Downtime 11

Activity Frequency Impact Action Plan Oil filtration to be carried out. If after oil filtration the value of BDV is not improving then it should be completely changed. Oil filtration to be carried out. If after oil filtration the value of BDV is not improving then it should be completely changed. Yearly / Half yearly, Samples to be sent to authorised testing agency Yearly / Half yearly, Samples to be sent to authorised testing agency May lead to winding failure of transformer due to degradation of oil. This would lead to higher generation losses as transformer need to be sent to factory location for repairs. May lead to winding failure of transformer due to degradation of oil. This would lead to higher generation losses as transformer need to be sent to factory location for repairs. CHARACTERISTIC TESTING OF TRANSFORMER OIL BDV : > 60 KV DENSITY : 0.89 gm / cc APPEARANCE : Clear and Transparent ACIDITY : 0.03 mg KOH/ gm (Max) WATER CONTENT : 20 PPM (Max) Minimizing Plant Downtime BDV Test kit

FREQUENCY IMPACTS ACTION PLAN Proper connection tightness and cleanliness to be ensured. preventive maintenance to be carried out in case of abnormalities. Proper connection tightness and cleanliness to be ensured. preventive maintenance to be carried out in case of abnormalities. Monthly Fire hazards due to overheating of cables due to loose connections if any. PHYSICAL CHECKING OF COMBINER BOXES PLOTTING OF I-V CURVES USING HIGH PRECISION ARRAY TESTER TO TRACE PERCENTAGE DEGRADATION OVER A PERIOD OF TIME Yearly The activity helps in keeping the track of performance of modules and its degradation with time. If the set of modules found underperforming. Same can be informed to the manufacturers and new modules can be claimed under warranty ACTIVITY Minimizing Plant Downtime

ACTIVITY FREQUENCY IMPACTS ACTION PLAN Fresh air fan filters to washed for effective air flow. Fan motors to be checked for free movement. Fresh air fan filters to washed for effective air flow. Fan motors to be checked for free movement. Fortnightly, Values should be greater than 4 m/sec. Under performance (Deration) of inverters subjected to higher temperatures Monthly, the indicators should be green in colour. Monthly, the indicators should be green in colour. The inverters may be subjected to heavy voltage surges and would further develop into major fault. The surge arrestors should be immediately replaced if ”end of life” indication is ON Airflow monitoring at inlets of inverter panel Green Indication Status of surge arrestors Minimizing Plant Downtime

Annual PPM Tracker EQUIPMENT FREQUENCY TO BE DONE BY Switchyard equipments HT Panel Inverters LT DB’s UPS Battery Charger Motors Earth Pits Yearly Quarterly Yearly ACTIVITY Detailed servicing and checks to be carried out as per annual PPM tracker. Periodic testing of equipments to be carried out for proper functioning Detailed servicing and checks to be carried out as per annual PPM tracker. Periodic testing of equipments to be carried out for proper functioning Breakers Yearly MEPC team in consultation with OEM MEPC team OEM/MEPC team in consultation with OEM MEPC team OEM/MEPC team in consultation with OEM MEPC team OEM The preventive maintenance is carried out periodically and based on feedbacks on predictive maintenance depending on the priority The equipments to be identified for action to be done onsite or by vendor. Transformer Yearly MEPC team in consultation with OEM Combiner boxes Yearly Preventive Maintenance Schedule for minimizing plant downtime

Use of Specialized Testing Equipments for Maximization of Generation & Minimization of plant downtime. Stocking of critical equipments for minimizing plant downtime Array Tester Thermal Imager for checking any hot spot/loose connections Power Analyzer for equipment efficiency measurement Transformer Oil BDV Test kit Cable Fault Locator for fast identification & restoration of cable faults

Cumulative Data

Cumulative data for Plant Up Time & CUF *Plant Up Time for 5MW Rawra is low due to failure of one 1.25 MVA transformer.

solar plant performance monitoring troubleshooting increasing plant yield through remote monitoring of the plant data proactive diagnostic measures to resolve the plant performance and equipment problems

20 Copyright © 2013 Mahindra EPC. All rights reserved Remote Monitoring & Control is CRITICAL for solar plants 19

Traditional Monitoring & Control Solutions 21 Copyright © 2013 Mahindra EPC. All rights reserved. Manual Monitoring 1 Basic Equipment Monitoring 2 Basic SCADA system 3 Mahindra Solar PV SCADA Solution Complete Equipment Monitoring (Module to DB) – CB, Inverters, Transformers Equipment Control Options Integrated Solution – Security & Surveillance, Access Control, Module cleaning, spares management, license management, billing & reporting Vendor Agnostic – Any equipment, any make Comprehensive data monitoring parameters on inverters Customizable to user preferences – Trends, Reporting Scalable – for same plant and across multiple plants Intuitive User Interfaces Dynamic Dashboards Cloud based – Real time data access anytime, any where Events & Alarms Management – SMS notifications Predictive Analytics – Real time Generation forecast; early fault detection

Domestic & International Clientele Over 8,000,000 data points monitored daily. Consistently being analyzed using advanced analytics to deliver Business reporting KPI evaluation Plant indexation and benchmarking Preventive maintenance Resource Monitoring ERP Operations and Maintenance 85 MW MONITORED