Advanced Evaluation Techniques and Hardware-In- The-Loop Simulation Darcy Bullock, P.E. Professor Purdue University

Requested Topics What is Hardware-in-the-Loop (HITL) Why would you use it Historical Perspective Future Challenges

What is HITL Testing and Evaluation of control equipment/algorithms with a simulated plant

What is HITL Goal Typical HITL Simulated Controller Simulated Plant Control Equipment Simulated Plant Control Equipment Real World Traffic

Why would you want to use HITL So you can make mistakes (and learn from them) in the lab, not the field. Then when you deploy, there should be fewer surprises. So you have a controlled environment in which to experiment and quantify benefits. So you have a facility for students to try things and learn from their mistakes. Probe the “corners” of a control system without worrying about the consequences of failure

Functional Evaluation

Hmm. What if we could control a suitcase tester with a computer. Monitor 24 volt phase outputs Ground loop detector inputs as directed.

Performance Based Evaluation

Still Do Suite Case Testing

System Setup w/ Master

Alternative to HITL Suitcase tester Ok feature individual tester Virtually impossible to evaluate interaction of various features on a single controller much less a “system” of controllers “Full Up Testing”…. Plug everything together and hope they work

Historical Perspective HITL has been used extensively by other industries for several decades at University of Vermont when Prof Bob Dawson explained his simulation system for testing/developing the control system on a PDP-11 controlling the gravel washing/production system.

Gate Control Logic 1986 worked on a speed sieve design for gate control at the IBM Essex Junction Plant 1987 senior design project worked with EE student and.. he built the control hardware.. I built a simulator in Modula II.

1993 Moved to LSU in Baton Rouge, LA Tom Urbanik invites me to participate with his team on the IVHS Research Center Proposal Developed HITL concept for Smart Diamond Testing

Dec 1993 Smart Diamond Testing Concept

1994 Smart Diamond Test Plan

1994 Smart Diamond Equipment Concept

Further Developments TexSIM developed for Smart Diamond Monty willl discuss next CORSIM extended for hardware in the loop

Controller Interface Device (CID) ~1997

1997-Present CID Uses Testing ACS Lite algorithms Algorithm development Controller feature testing Laboratory Based Instruction

1997 – Present Hardware TTI Platform Idaha Platform Univ. of Minnesota Platform Naztec/Eagle Platform Portland PLC Platform Emergence of a Software Platform (Univ of Arizona, Siemens, Univ of Utah)

Purdue HITL Laboratory

Project Setup Choose a real system to design and simulate Obtain plans, volumes, etc. from DOT Systems that are being constructed, need to be upgraded, or were recently upgraded are ideal

Project Selections

Project: Design Process Calculate timing parameters

Project: Design Process Obtain cycles, offsets, and splits from Synchro or Highway Capacity Software

Project: Real-Time Simulation Controllers are configured with the calculated timings and coordination timings

Project: Real-Time Simulation Simulation model is built using proposed geometries and vehicle volumes and imported into CORSIM ITRAF CORSIM

I/O Mapping Vehicle sensors are mapped to the corresponding phases by the students Detector Cards Controller Mapping

“Final Lab Exam” 1 controller plugged into 1 CID for each intersection All CIDs plugged in to 1 PC running CORSIM All controllers plugged in to 1 PC running remote software

Closed Loop Monitoring Screens PC set up to monitor the system remotely Change controller parameters View signal and detector status

For future HITL Challenges Commercially viable CIDs that supports both TS2 Type 1 and Type 2 I/O AND a Well supported integration with an accepted simulation model (CORSIM) Blurring of software/hardware in the loop Formally addressing the timing latency issue between simulation clock and controller.