Greenhouse Effect and Biodiversity Group Members: Alisa Juni, Nasa Bremer, Honoka Daio, Max Hayasaki

An Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect Max Hayasaki

What is a "Greenhouse Effect"? Similar to the concept of a greenhouse --> a greenhouse is designed that way because light is trapped in the space for a longer time than just exposing the plants to sunlight. Definition --> the "greenhouse effect" occurs when the light reflecting the Earth's surface is trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases.

The Mechanism The Mechanism

The Greenhouse Gases Here are the most harmful greenhouse gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) Fluorocarbons (CFC, HCFC, HCF)

Carbon Dioxide Chemical Properties: CO2 turns into carbonic acid in an aqueous solution Latent heat of vaporization is about 571KJ/kg The vapor pressure of CO2 is 58.5 bar CO2 does not burn or support combustion CO2 is usually emitted by the "burning" of substances, especially fossil fuels. It is almost the most common greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere.

Methane Chemical Properties: Methane produces a large amount of heat when it undergoes combustion. Methane causes halogenation, which causes halogen atoms into molecules The latent heat of vaporization is 510KJ/kg The critical pressure of CH4 is bar Methane is produced when plants decay. It is also a flammable gas. Methane is extremely powerful, since methane can hold 20 times more heat than CO2.

Nitrous Oxide Nitrous Oxide Chemical Properties: Critical pressure of nitrous oxide is bar The latent heat of vaporization is about 376KJ/kg The vapor pressure of nitrous oxide is 58.5 bar The gas is used in industries for hygiene mainly. The gas is famous for its medical use. Its medical use is anesthesia, especially to create laughing gases. We use this gas in nitrogenous fertilizers and disposing waste also. This gas is not harmful for its amount, but for its time it remains in the atmosphere, which is about 100 years.

Fluorocarbons Basic outline of gas and their properties: The name, "fluorocarbons" comes from the fact that these gases have fluorine and carbon in their bonds. They can easily be converted from liquid to gas, vice versa. They are used to make cans, refrigerators, and AC's These gases are very useful for industries, since they have a unique property of being able to convert their state easily. They are a threat to the environment because the emitted fluorocarbons destroy the ozone layers.

Carbon Emission and its effects on the atmosphere Nasa Bremer

From Emission to Global Warming 9-26% of Greenhouse is made from CO2, and more is added through human activities ◦Burning fossil fuel, making electricity, etc Correlation of the CO2 ◦Melting of the Poles - Less reflection and cooling; more heat and water ◦Deforestation - Harder to control the CO2 ◦Volume Expansion - When heated, gases and liquids expand - Rise of sea level and gas concentration THEREFORE: Rise of global temperature, aka Global Warming

Habitat loss and migration Honoka Daio

15 Affected biomes Biomes: what is happening to them? What are biomes: collection of ecosystem sharing similar climatic conditions Tropical, Temperate/Polar desserts, Grasslands, Forests How does the greenhouse effect affect these biomes?

Declining sea ice in arctic biomes Shifting whether patterns among attitudes

17 Habitat loss Temperature and climate changes affects structure of landscape Most vivid change: Arctic biome Arctic ice melt - sea level rise - erosions - increased salinity - floods...

18 Migration of species Forced migration leads to competition of food and shelter Species migrating according to specific seasons have more difficulties migrating Difficult plant migrations Extinction??

Greenhouse Effect and Biodiversity Alisa Juni

What is biodiversity? - variety of life found on Earth—its biological diversity - # of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the vast diversity of genes in these species, the varied ecosystems on the planet What is biodiversity?

Importance of biodiversity -boosts ecosystem productivity -ensures natural sustainability -better chance of withstanding various natural disasters -affects life cycle - Provide for basic human needs

How does greenhouse effect contribute to loss in biodiversity? Rising levels of greenhouse gases change global climate change in ecosystem Adaptation difficulties - the survival and natural growth of plants and animals.

Life Cycles *key gases, nutrients, and organisms must be recycled to maintain a stable ecosystem. *these cycles will be affected

Feeding Relationships Affect on food cycle Result in unnatural, unbalanced population loss/growth Increasing risks of endangered species and extinction

Experimentation

Modelling how greenhouse effect affects the environment of certain biomes Aim: To find out how greenhouse gases affect the temperature and environmental conditions of different ecosystems. Overall process: used four water bottles to represent grassland and arctic; two bottles were wrapped in cling wrap (greenhouse gas layer) thermometer inserted into bottle and measured the change in temperature.

Results

Results

Conclusion greenhouse effect does cause an increase in temperature affects the environmental conditions of various biome threats of biodiversity loss has increased

Self Reflections: Group Strengths: Good effort; good communication and organization within our group; fairly equal contribution; variety of research sources Weakness: Managing time; problems with certain aspects of our topic; technical difficulties; Lacked in some materials for the experiment How to improve: Set priorities right(schedule time); avoid technical problems at school by testing it beforehand; ask teachers for help/ be more prepared for experiment Overall learning experience: A challenge but successful; cooperation and organization was key.

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