Franz Schubert(1797-1828) Learned to play violin/piano from father and brother Beautiful soprano voice “learned everything from God” Composed variety of lieders, operas, symphonies, chamber music Suffered during late adulthood (syphilis) Buried next to Beethoven Casey Sherman

Franz Schubert Influenced by Mozart and Beethoven Blended classical and romantic styles He wrote more than 600 songs He became popular after death

Franz Schubert Known as the Prince of Song. He became popular after his death. In 1897 there was a festival in his honor. He wrote a symphony called “Great”

Robert Schumann Prominent composer of Romantic Era 1810-1856 Known for Symphonies Chamber music Piano music Lieder Looked up to Mozart Beethoven Chopin Looked down upon Lizst, Wagner Protégé Johannes Brahms

Robert Schumann Music Life Composer of German Lieder Embodied German Romanticism Employed themes of love Most famous song cycle- A poet’s love Life Married Clara Weick Fell into depression and madness

Fanny Mendelssohn-Music Large-scale works: Piano Trio String quartet Cantatas An oratorio Highly lyrical style Wide range of tonal, harmonic, and formal variety Loved to write about nature Drawn to Joseph von Eichendorff, poet “Mountain Yearning” based off of one of his folk-inspired poems

Fanny Mendelssohn Life Span: 1805-1847 Actively discouraged from pursuing music as a career because of her gender Brother and Father cautioned her to be the traditional housewife Talents were recognized by some like the poet Goethe

Frederic Chopin Considered the father of modern music Had a unique style that makes his music recognizable by many Was influenced by Mozart and Bach the most He wrote upwards of 200 pieces, almost exclusively for piano

Frederic Francois Chopin Educated at the Conservatory of Warsaw At the age of 21, Chopin moved to Paris, where he spent the rest of his life Many musicians and literary figures influenced Chopin: German poet Heinrich Heine The painter Eugene Delacroix

Franz Liszt Thematic Transformation -shift of emotions -RomanticTensionConflictTriumph -Similar to the Concerto structure Created Lyrical Expression Freedom of expression in music Gnomenreigen and the Little Bell Etude Violin Concerto no. 2 B Minor by Paganini Finger octaves Like Gnomes dancing

Franz Liszt Attached to French Romanticism Director and grand conductor of the opera house during Weimar Period Utilized advantage to sway music preferences of the future Endorsed music of Wagner , Berlioz, and Chopin Noted as teacher, composer, virtuoso pianist New customary piano performance posture and technique

Clara Schumann (1819-1896) One of the most distinguished musicians of the 19th century despite her gender. Lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms. Wife of Robert Schumann. Her father was angered by her marrying Robert Schumann. 2 large scale works (Piano Concerto and a trio for Pianos and Strings) Was more famous than her husband. Started studying piano at the age of 5. 1st concert appearance was in Leipzig at the age of 9.

Clara Schumann (1819 -1896) Musical Career: * Outstanding pianist * Composer * Leading interpreter of the music of - Brahms - Chopin - Robert Schumann (her husband) Works = technically difficult & deeply introspective Known for her following works: * songs * piano music * chamber music

He was appointed conductor at the London Drury Lane theatre While receiving attention from all leading musical reference books, he was still not generally accepted as being one of the great composers Berlioz was not a child prodigy, unlike some other famous composers of the time He was not formally trained In 1864 Berlioz was made Officier de la  Légion d'honneur he began studying music at age 12, when he began writing small compositions and arrangements Berlioz's work as a conductor was highly influential

Hector Berlioz Best known as a composer, but also a writer. His Works (Composition) : The Trojans (opera) The Childhood of Christ (oratorio) Symphonie Fantastique

Bedrich Smetana Born in Eastern Bohemia in the Czech Republic Learned violin by his father Went to school in Prague when he was 15 joined the nationalist uprising in 1848 Conducted and wrote 8 operas for the national theater in Prague Most famous piece the Moldau is about the bohemian river in his homeland 1st bohemian to achieve international fame

How It Is Expressed Others wrote the symphonic poems and operas celebrating the exploits of a national hero, historic events of the scenic beauty of their county Some based music on the songs and dances Many wrote dramatic works based on the folklore or peasant life Nationalism today: Beauty and the Beast

Johannes Brahms (1833- 1897) Continued classical traditions (especially Beethoven’s) Great notable works: - 4 Symphonies (including the Third). - Solo piano/chamber music. - Leider. Created romantic art in purest classical form. Unique aspect: dances made for his rhapsodies/ballades. The German Requiem was widely recognized. Preached a more hopeful and inevitable way to death.

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) First compositions greatly impressed Joseph Joachim, leading violinist of the day Robert and Clara Schumann took Brahms into their home Robert Schumann lingered for two years while Brahms began to fall in love with Clara Brahms never got married in his lifetime

Johannes Brahms Its aim was to console the living and lead them to a serene acceptance of death as an inevitable part of life Although the idea of the Lord is the source of the comfort, the sympathetic humanism persists through the work. Arranged in seven movements Loss of mother and Schumann motivated him to write the German Requiem

Felix Mendelssohn Preserved classical Tradition Caused revival of Bach Founded Leipzig Conservatory of Music

Amy Beach (1867-1944) 1867-1944 Henniker, New Hampshire Child of wealthy industrialist, Charles Abbott Cheney Was a child prodigy Could create counter melodies to songs her mom would sign to her She married Henry Beach, a physician and amateur singer Who asked her to focus on composition

Amy Beach/early American music The united states was dominated by European musical styles in the 19th century Women in the romantic era were discouraged from perusing careers as composers

Giuseppe Verdi A play writer Wrote Rigoletto Setting Of Rigoletto: Renaissance era 1850- 1851 North Italy small town - Mantua. Exact location is the ducal court. Act II Rigoletto warns Gilda(his daughter) to stay at home. She has already fell in love with the Duke The Duke’s new love vanished. Who is Rigoletto’s daughter, Gilda.

Giuseppe Verdi (1813- 1901) Born in a small town in northern Italy Went to Milan for two years Verdi returned to Busseto to take a position as an organist 3 years later, Verdi returned to Milan with the manuscript of an opera The opera’s success brought him three other commissions Fell in love with one of his benefactor’s daughter In 1893- almost 80 years old astonished the world with Falstaff Interesting facts: Wrote 28 operas Died at 87 Left most of his fortune to a home for aged musicians that he had founded (still operating today)

Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) Verdi’s music stands as the epitome of Romantic drama and passion Verdi thought melody was very important Macbeth is the most important of Verdi’s fifteen early operas The operas of the middle period show Verdi writing on a more ambitious scale Included elements from the French Grand Operas His final operas were described as the best of Italian lyric tragedies in 100 years 29

Richard Wagner Wagner created endless melody to keep emotions heightened throughout his pieces Wagner made the orchestras larger to be able to better play the complex parts of his pieces

Richard Wagner (1813-1883) A revolution broke out in Dresden in 1849. Wagner rebelled in many of the revolutions The Wagner gospel spread across Europe as a new art-religion THE RING CIRCLE was presented to worshipful audiences at the first festival

George Bizet Won the highest award possible, the Prix de Rome* in 1857 Three months after the premiere of the opera Bizet died of a heart attack at the age of 37

Georges Bizet Bizets famous opera “Carmen” Four acts First performed in Paris Tells the story of the downfall of Don José, Before run concluded, Bizet died suddenly, and thus knew nothing of the opera's later celebrity Continues to be one of the most frequently performed operas

Giacomo Puccini’s Madame Butterfly This piece was set in Nagasaki, Japan Contains 3 acts 1st: Introduction, soft instruments 2nd: More drama, but mellow at the same time 3rd: Climax, Deeper, more suspenseful instruments It ends when the man’s ex-wife from Japan kills herself with a knife (In the 3rd Act)

Giacomo Puccini Works became less frequent as he got older Favorite theme=Love Known for: Madame Butterfly 35

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840 - 1893 Born in Russia As a child, took piano lessons Mother passed away from cholera when he was young Traumatized him, struggled with it for the rest of his life Was very devoted to her Married twice Both marriages unsuccessful Had multiple affairs and known for homosexuality scandal Died of cholera

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Composed during the romantic Period Russian Heritage had an influence on his music Wrote: Overtures Symphonies Ballets Operas Sonatas (occasionally) Music consisted of European Harmonic Regression Expressive melodies Structured meters Repetition Heavy orchestration One of Tchaikovsky’s major works is the Romeo and Juliet overture that contains the well known “love theme.”