Present System Verb Review 2014

Verbs Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES. Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an action. For example: past, present, future. Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular and plural:

Reviewing Verb Conjugations 1 st conjugation verbs have –o, -are as their dictionary endings like amo, amare. 2 nd conjugation verbs have –eo, -ere as their dictionary endings like doceo, docere.

Reviewing Verb Conjugations 3 rd conjugation verbs have –o, -ere as their dictionary endings like pono, ponere. 3 rd –io verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary endings like capio, capere. 4 th conjugation verbs have –io, -ire as their dictionary endings like audio, audire.

Verbs: “Persons” SingularPlural 1 st person I… we… 2 nd person you… you (y’all )… 3 rd person he, she, it… they…

In the active voice, the subject PERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.

Puellae aquam portant.

In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb.

Aqua a puellis portatur.

Finding the Present Stem amo, amare laboro, laborare paro, parare porto, portare specto, spectare AMA- LABORA- PARA- PORTA- SPECTA-

Present Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings First Person Second Person Third Person o s t I you he, she, it SingularPlural nt tis muswe you they

First Person Second Person Third Person Amo Amas t mus tis nt I love I am loving I do love You love You are loving You do love He loves He is loving He does love We love We are loving We do love You love You are loving You do love They love They are loving They do love Present Active

Present Tense (Review!) 3 rd, 3 rd –io and 4th: ponoponimus ponisponitis ponitponunt capiocapimus capiscapitis capitcapiunt audioaudimus audisauditis auditaudiunt Remember that the “e” changes to “i” or “u” Remember that this has “i” in its stem

portare--passive voice portor I am (being) carried… portaris you are (being) carried… portatur portamur portamini portantur

Imperfect Tense Imperfect tense is a past tense. It shows past action uncompleted. There are several ways to translate imperfect tense: – was verbing – used to verb – kept on verbing – verbed

Imperfect Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings First Person Second Person Third Person BAM BAS BAT I you he, she, it SingularPlural BANT BATIS BAMUSwe you they

First Person Second Person Third Person Amabam Amabas Amabat Ama bamus batis bant I was loving I used to love I kept on loving I loved You were loving You used to love You kept on loving You loved He was loving… (etc.) We were loving (etc.) You were loving… (etc.) They were loving (etc.) Imperfect Tense

3 rd / 3 rd -io/4 th Imperfect Tense (“was….”) ponebamponebamus ponebasponebatis ponebatponebant capiebamcapiebamus capiebascapiebatis capiebatcapiebant audiebamaudiebamus audiebasaudiebatis audiebataudiebant

Imperfect Tense---passive voice -bar I was being verbed -baris you were being verbed -batur he/she/it was being verbed -bamur we were being verbed -bamini Y’all were being verbed -bantur They were being verbed

Imperfect Tense Practice Spectabamus Portabat Amabas Parabatis Navigabam Monstrabant We were watching He/she/it was carrying You were loving Y’all were preparing I was sailing They were showing

Future Tense Verbs The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time. In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense. Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…

Future Tense Endings Active Voice SingularPlural 1 st -BO (I will...)-BIMUS (we will…) 2 nd -BIS (you will...)-BITIS (y’all will…) 3 rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…) 1 st and 2 nd Conjugations ONLY

First Person Second Person Third Person Amabo Amabis Amabit Ama bimus bitis bunt I will love You will love He/she/it will love We will love Ya’ll will love They will love

Future Tense ---passive voice 1 st /2 nd conjugation -bor I will be verbed -beris you will be verbed -bitur he/she/it will be verbed -bimur we will be verbed -bimini y’all will be verbed -buntur they will be verbed

Let’s practice translating future tense verbs! 1.amabo 2. spectabit3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis 6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus SingularPlural 1 st -BO (I will...)-BIMUS (we will…) 2 nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…) 3 rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

Making FUTURE Tense FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3 rd, 3 rd –io, and 4 th ) looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE. The only difference is the vowels you use before the personal endings. Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do for 1 st and 2 nd conjugations!

Future Tense (“will….”) ponamponemus ponesponetis ponetponent capiamcapiemus capiescapietis capietcapient audiamaudiemus audiesaudietis audietaudient 3 rd –io has an ‘i’ in every form! 4 th already has ‘i’ in its stem!

·Present Tense ·ponoponimus ·ponisponitis ·ponitponunt ·Future Tense ·ponamponemus ·ponesponetis ·ponetponent

So…what does it mean??? Cibum in carrum ponimus. We place the food into the cart. Cibum in carrum ponemus. We will place the food into the cart. You know ponemus is future because you know that pono, ponere is 3 rd conjugation and 3 rd conjugation verbs use “E” in their future tense endings.

Every “E” Is Not Future Tense  2 nd conjugation verbs have “e” that occurs naturally in their PRESENT tense. 2 nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere doceo, docere: teach Present TenseFuture Tense doceo docemusdocebo docebimus doces docetisdocebis docebitis docet docentdocebit docebunt

Things To Take Away With You! If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt, it’s DEFINITELY future tense. If a verb ends in –am it’s DEFINITELY future tense (1 st person, “I will…”) If a verb ends in –es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent it’s either PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its conjugation to see: 2 nd conjugation: PRESENT 3 rd /4 th conjugation: FUTURE If a verb ending has a combination of –ie-, it’s always future tense (unless it has a –ba- there!)

Future Tense ---passive voice 3 rd /4th conjugation -ar I will be verbed -eris you will be verbed -etur he/she/it will be verbed -emur we will be verbed -emini y’all will be verbed -entur they will be verbed

Practice! You may work with a partner. Get a “check” for daily credit! Puellae equos agunt. Puellae equos agent. Caesar oppidum capit. Caesar oppidum capiet. Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt. Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam. Servus ab casa fugiet. Viri puellas defendent. I will lead the horses. We will send a messenger to town.

“SUM” “Sum” is the “to be” verb. Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its forms are all different in the singular? SingularPlural I amWe are You areY’all are He/she/it isThey are

Present Tense: SUM text p. 109 SingularPlural sum I amsumus we are es you areestis y’all are est he/she/ it issunt they are These are stand- alone words, not endings.

“SUM” in action! Nauta sum. Est regina. Es agricola bonus. Sunt mali. Sumus parvi. Estis reginae. I am a sailor. She is a queen. You are a good farmer. They are bad. We are small. Y’all are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAM text p. 181 SingularPlural eram I waseramus we were eras you wereeratis y’all were erat he/she/ it waserant they were These are stand- alone words, not endings.

“ERAM” in action! Nauta eram. Erat regina. Eras agricola bonus. Erant mali. Eramus parvi. Eratis reginae. I was a sailor. She was a queen. You were a good farmer. They were bad. We were small. Y’all were queens.

Future Tense: ERO text p. 127 (1 st chart only) SingularPlural ero I will beerimus we will be eris you will beeritis y’all will be erit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be These are stand- alone words, not endings.

“ERO” in action! Nauta ero. Erit servus. Eris agricola bonus. Erunt laeti (happy). Numerus erit parvus. Victoria erit grata. I will be a sailor. He will be a slave. You will be a good farmer. They will be happy. The number will be small. Victory will be pleasing.

Pop Quiz! erat sum eris es eramus portabimus amo docent amatis docebat

Pop Quiz! He/she/it was I am You will be You are We were We will carry I love/do love/am loving They teach/do teach/are teaching Y’all love/do love/are loving He/she/it was teaching/used to teach/kept on teaching/taught