DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN WATER

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Presentation transcript:

DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN WATER

IMPORTANCE OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN Aquatic animals need a minimum concentration of dissolved oxygen in water to survive Dissolved-oxygen (DO) content indicates water quality At 20°C oxygen content in water is about 9 ppm (parts per million) Oxygen is non-polar so it has low solubility Solubility of gas decreases with higher temps

WATER QUALITY Water Quality DO Level Good Quality (20°C, sea level 8-9 ppm O2 Moderate Pollution 4.5 ppm O2 Highly Polluted <4.5 ppm O2 Factors affecting water quality: Presence of disease causing pathogens/ microorganisms Oxygen demanding wastes: organic substances (plants, animal/ human/ industrial waste)

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Ppm BOD Quality of Water <1 Almost Pure 5 Doubtful Purity 20 Unacceptable Purity

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Biochemical (Biological) Oxygen Demand (BOD): measure of oxygen consumed by biodegradable organic wastes and ammonia in a given time period/ amount of water (normally 5 days, 20° C) Ppm BOD Quality of Water <1 Almost Pure 5 Doubtful Purity 20 Unacceptable Purity

AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION Aerobic Decomposition: the breakdown and digestion of organic mater in water in the presence of oxygen and a bacteria-rich environment Oxidation process Removes oxygen from water so dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases and can kill aquatic life dependent on oxygen

AEROBIC CONVERSIONS Complex organic material simple organic material + CO2 + H2O nitrogen nitrates (NO3-) sulfur sulfates (SO42-) phosphorus phosphates (PO43-)

ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSTITION Anaerobic decomposition: microorganisms not dependent on oxygen help decompose organic matter without oxygen present

ANAEROBIC CONVERSIONS Typical Products in Presence of Water: Nitrogen and Hydrogen ammonia and amines (strong fishy smell) Carbon and Hydrogen methane (biogas/ marsh gas) Organic Sulfur hydrogen sulfide, H2S (rotten egg smell) Phosphorus phosphine, PH3

EUTROPHICATION Eutrophication: the process by which water becomes lifeless Plant nutrients (nitrates- waste and fertilizers, phosphates- detergents and fertilizers) lead to excessive growth of plant life (algal blooms) Dead plants fall to the bottom of water Decay in the presence of bacteria (depletes oxygen concentration) Fish die due to lack of oxygen Toxic substances are released into the water by anaerobic processes Water becomes lifeless

THERMAL POLLUTION Thermal Pollution: Origins: water used to cool/ condense steam in industrial processes is dumped into bodies of water which then become warmer Effects: reduced levels of oxygen (gas concentration decreases as temperature increases) Metabolic rates of aquatic animals increase and require more oxygen to survive