Introduction to Construction Industry Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Civil Engineering Department Introduction to Construction Industry 2nd Semester 2008/2009 Masonry and Brick Works Lecture 15 UP Copyrights 2008

Basic Brickwork Terms Header face: The short face of a brick Stretcher face: The long face of a brick A course of stretchers: A single row of laid bricks with the long face towards you Mortar: The material used to bed and joint the bricks Mortar bed: The mortar placed underneath the bricks Mortar joint: The mortar placed between the bricks Arris: The corner edges of a brick Frog: The indent or holes often found in bricks Racking back: The wall being stepped back at the end Plumbing point: A point – usually at each end of a wall – which is checked for plumb (straight up and down

The functions of mortars. Mortars provide a level and full bearing surface for masonry units. The mortar also provides a seal against water between the masonry units. the masonry units provide visual aesthetics of the building. The uniqueness of brick masonry. - Brick masonry units are the most resistant masonry to fire. - Bricks are small, easily hand held, easy to lay and flexible to adapt to difficult geometries. Bricks are extremely durable. Sumerian bricks have survived for over 4,500 years in structures that are still standing today. - Bricks are resistant to weather, they do not rotتلف, are not affected by insectsحشرات , and never need painting or maintenance.

Concave joints مقعر Flush jointsمستوية “Modified” vee joints. معدل Racked jointsمحفورة

Mortar’s ingredients. Pre-packaged mortars. 1) Portland cement, same as used in concrete; serves as the bonding agent; 2) Hydrated lime, used to enhance the workability of the mix; 3) Sand, in a clean condition (not beach sand) and graded (different sizes); 4) Water, should be clean (that is, potable); and 5) Admixtures, which may be optional; they usually are used to make the mixture more workable (easier to mix), or retards the setting time, or accelerates the setting time, etc. Pre-packaged mortars. Pre-packaged mortars are ready to use, and require only adding water. They commonly include the cement, sand and lime. They are offered with a variety of colors . The curing of the mortar takes place by hydration, which is a chemical reaction, the mortar can only be plastic for re-tempering during 90 minutes. After 2 hours it must be discarded (يتم التخلص منها وإلا.........).

Tools Bricklayer’s trowel Line and pins Corner blocks Pocket level Measuring tape

Tools Long straight edge Mash hammer and bolster Large spirit level

Setting out Step 1 Read the plan of the drawing and get the correct length of the wall to be built Step 2 Mark out a straight line on the concrete to this exact length Step 3 Bed a brick at both ends of the wall Step 4 Check that these bricks are level to each other

Setting out

Setting out Step 5 Dry bond the first course of brick between the two set bricks

Setting out Step 6 Make any adjustments necessary in the bonding Step 7 Fix a line and pins to the end bricks Step 8 Build the first course to the line, working from both ends and meeting in the middle Step 9 Finally, check the first course carefully before proceeding further

Setting out

Setting out

Setting out

Setting out

Standards

Standards

Standards

Standards

Standards