What are PLASTICS ? Why are PLASTICS so special? Where do PLASTICS come from? What is the future for PLASTICS? How do we make things from PLASTICS? What.

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Presentation transcript:

What are PLASTICS ? Why are PLASTICS so special? Where do PLASTICS come from? What is the future for PLASTICS? How do we make things from PLASTICS? What things are made from PLASTICS?

PLASTICS are synthetic materials. PLASTICS do not occur naturally like Wood or Iron. PLASTICS are created in laboratories by scientists. PLASTICS are combinations of chemicals. PLASTICS are also known as POLYMERS. POLYMERS are long chains of particles linked together.

POLYMERS are known by their Chemical components. POLYMER names can be very long and they are abbreviated to their initials (Acronyms). Polymethylmethacrylate.  PMMA Polytetrafluoroethylene.  PTFE Polyamide.  PA  ACRYLIC  TEFLON  NYLON

Things are madei n large quantities very quickly. Plastic things are made with less waste. Plastics are lighter than normal materials. Plastics are resistant to corrosion and chemicals. Plastics in some cases are stronger than normal materials. Plastics have good electrical insulation properties.

PS Polystyrene Yoghurt pots, foam meat or fish trays, hamburger boxes and egg cartons, vending cups, plastic cutlery, protective packaging for electronic goods and toys. PETPolyethylene terephthalate Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready meal trays. PP Polypropylene Margarine tubs, microwaveable meal trays. HDPE High-density polyethylene Bottles for milk and washing-up liquids. PVCPolyvinyl chloride Food trays, cling film, bottles for squash, mineral water and shampoo. LDPE Low density polyethylene Carrier bags and Bin Liners

ALL OF THE PLASTICS JUST MENTIONED HAVE RECYCLING LOGO’s

SAFETY EQUIPMENT Helmets, Safety Glasses, Respirators, Visors INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Computers, Peripherals, Printers, Office Machines DISPLAYS IN SHOPS Trays, Shelving, Hooks, Packaging CAR PARTS (Automotive). Interior Panels, Seat Adjusters, Lens for Lights COMMUNICATION and ENTERTAINMENT Games Consoles, Controllers, Mobile Phones, CD’s, TV Surrounds ELECTRICAL PARTS Wall Sockets, Plugs, Light Switches, Wiring Insulation

It all begins with Crude Oil (petroleum).

Crude oil occurs in the earth's crust; it was formed millions of years ago from decayed plants & animals. << Plankton

Plankton dies and sinks to the sea bed and is covered by mud.

Pressure and heat turn the mud and Plankton mix into Oil.

The Oil rises up through the rock.

Holes are drilled in the rock to reach the Crude Oil using Oil Wells on land and Oil Rigs in the sea.

The Oil is carried by ships and pipelines to Oil Refineries.

Oil Refineries reduce the Crude Oil to the chemicals used to make Plastics.

Refraction column.

The gases are MONOMERS single Molecules. POLYMER GRANULES Polymerization is a process of BONDING MONOMERS, or "single units" together through a variety of reaction mechanisms to form longer CHAINS named POLYMERS.

A long chain of STYRENE molecules becomes Polystyrene (PS).

PLASTIC GRANULESUSEFUL THINGS

Injection Moulding. Blow Moulding. Rotational Moulding. Vacuum Forming. Compression Moulding. Extrusion Moulding. There are many different methods of CONVERTING granules to useful things, the methods are called PROCESSES Each PROCESS produces different types of things.

Simple things are made using Vacuum Forming

Precision things are made using Injection Moulding Using MOULDS which are called TOOLS

Precision things are made using Injection Moulding MOULDS or TOOLS are put in Moulding Machines.

Oil is a FINITE RESOURCE, it will not last forever RECYCLING is very IMPORTANT BIODEGRADABLE Plastics are being developed Plastics not RECYCLED are buried in LANDFILL SITES Plastics not RECYCLED are also BURNT RECYCLING is for NOW and the FUTURE

One tonne of plastics is equivalent to 20,000 two litre drinks bottles or 120,000 carrier bags. A report on the production of carrier bags made from recycled rather than virgin polythene concluded that the use of recycled plastic resulted in the following environmental benefits: reduction of energy consumption by two-thirds production of only a third of the sulphur dioxide and half of the nitrous oxide reduction of water usage by nearly 90% reduction of carbon dioxide generation by two-and-a-half times A different study concluded that 1.8 tonnes of oil are saved for every tonne of recycled polythene produced.