AUSTEN K. SCRUGGS CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO RIMI FACILITY INSTRUMENTATION

JASCO J-815 CD SPECTROMETER This is actually Circular Dichroism (CD) spectrometer where CD refers to a technique that measures the absorption of left and right circularly polarized light. This process causes the movement of an electron (linearly by the electric field and helical with addition to the magnetic field component of light) that induces molecular translation and rotation. Near-Infrared CD is utilized to probe molecular geometry and some electronic transitions, Infrared CD probes often called Vibrational CD probes the vibrational modes of a given molecule caused by the incident circularly polarized light. It is commonly used in structural studies of proteins and DNA as these molecules are optically active (levorotary or dextrorotary)

JASCO PTC-423S/15 FOR CD SPECTROMETER This Instrument is actually a temperature controlling unit for the CD instrument. It allows you to take spectra at various temperatures or with respect to changing temperature.

NANO DSC This instrument is a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The Instrument works by measuring the amount of heat required to change the temperature of the sample relative to a reference with a well defined heat capacity. The DSC can be utilized in various phase transition and thermodynamic studies.

QUAGEN PYROSEQUENCER Utilized in biochemical sequencing studies, physical biochemical experiments, and functional genomic studies, this instrument can sequence DNA by evaluating the pyrophosphate released from nucleotide integration, thus differing from Sanger Sequencing methods.

ATTUNE FLOW CYTOMETER This instrument is often used in cell counting, various biochemical experiments involving biomarkers and macromolecule detection, and protein engineering. It utilizes lasers that induce fluorescence. The sample of interest (be it a cell or a protein) is usually labeled with a fluorescent molecule that fluoresces when a specific frequency of light is incident on the sample (hence the use of lasers). Two and three dimensional plots are then made to show where the fluorescent light is most intense and thus can count cells or show the distribution of cells in a given medium.

MICROTOF II This is a Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer that can be coupled to either a Liquid or Gas Chromatograph. This instrument is utilized in the identification of various chemical and biochemial macromolecules such as proteins. The Instrument can also be used in conjunction to Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Capillary Electrophoresis ionization techniques.

EKSIGENT EXPRESS LC-100 CHROMATOGRAPH WITH AB MDS SCI TEMPO NANO AUTOSAMPLER This is a Liquid Chromatography System with an autosampler as depicted. Analytes are separated via retention time when traversing through a column based on the properties and design of the column and the chemical interactions that occur between the analyte and the column.

MAGPIX The Magpix is charge couple device that is utilized in the imaging of proteins and macromolecules. It contains an image sensor that works via the movement of electrical charge. The sensor utilizes p-doped MOS capacitors that convert incoming photons into electrical charges at the semiconductor oxide surface allowing for imaging based upon incident light.

EASY-NLC II WITH HCT ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER This instrument is a liquid chromatography system with an ion trap mass spectrometer as a detector. Potentials are applied in the ion trap to suspend the ion in gaseous helium it then oscillates towards the quadrupole until it is ultimately freed from the trap and detected.

LABCONCO REFRIGERATED CENTRIFUGE EVAPORATOR The refrigerated centrifuge evaporator concentrates sensitive chemical, biochemical, and biological samples. It can control and maintain a constant temperature between the ranges of -4˚C and 100˚C. It utilizes vacuum to concentrate sample by disposing the vapor pressure of the solvent via a diaphragm pump.

LABCONCO FREEZE DRYER This Freeze Dry (Lyphoilisation) system preserves perishable materials. The Freeze Dryer first freezes the sample, then utilizes a vacuum pump to decrease the pressure in the sample which increases the vapor pressure of water in the gas phase ridding the sample of water, thus the sample is dehydrated.

SAMPLE PREPARATION STATION This setup can be utilized to prepare biological and some chemical samples.