Grid-connected domestic systems Grid-Connected power plants Off-grid systems for rural electrification Off-grid industrial applications Consumer goods
Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Collectors
Types of Cells (efficiency) Crystalline Silicon (12-17%) Thin Film (5-13%) Concentrated PV (20-30%) Flexible
PV emits 21.65g CO2/kWh compared to 900g/kWh for conventional thermal power Energy payback between 1 and 3.5 years For every MW of PV capacity 7-11 jobs are created compared to 3 for wind and 1 for coal & gas Production costs falling 6% p.a. Grid parity expected in 2013 Domestic 2018 Commercial 5
Public Buildings Commercial Buildings Ground Arrays
Maximum Technical Potential less Constraints on distribution Limitations on land/building use Practicable Potential Economic potential based on price 266 TWh 37TWh 0.5TWh (Boyle, 2004)
YearPopulation (million) House- holds (1) (million) Domestic Solar Thermal output (TWh) Domestic Solar PV Output (TWh) Other buildings (TWh) Total (TWh) Total (PJ) Max Technical Potential:250 (78 South)