Vocabulary Review Cells

Smallest Unit of Life CELL

First to use a simple microscope to draw cork cells from dead plants ROBERT HOOKE

First person to see and draw living cells LEEUWENHOEK

Idea that all living things are made of cells CELL THEORY

What new cells come from EXISTING CELLS

A constant internal environment maintained by cells HOMEOSTASIS

This grows faster that the surface area of a cell CELL VOLUME

This determines the function of a cell SHAPE

Surrounds the outside of cells & controls what enters and leaves CELL MEMBRANE

The fluid and organelles between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane CYTOPLASM

Fluid making up the cytoplasm CYTOSOL

Control center of the cell where DNA is located NUCLEUS

Genetic material of a cell DNA

The phospholipid heads that attract water HYDROPHILIC

Cells lacking a nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles PROKARYOTES

Region in bacteria where DNA (single chromosome) NUCLEOID

Domain containing ancient bacterial forms ARCHAEA

Cell structure that perform a specific job for a cell ORGANELLE

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles EUKARYOTE

Organisms composed of more than one cell MULTICELLULAR

Made of similar cells working together to do a particular job TISSUES

Made of organs working together to do a particular job ORGAN SYSTEM

A double layer of these molecules make up the cell membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS

The tails of phospholipids are this; means it doesn’t like water HYDROPHOBIC

The model of phospholipids and embedded proteins of the cell membrane FLUID MOSAIC

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane INTEGRAL PROTEINS

Uncoiled chromosomes in the nucleus of non-dividing cells CHROMATIN

Genetic material in the nucleus made of DNA and protein CHROMOSOMES

Double layer with pores surrounding the nucleus NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Organelle inside of the nucleus that makes ribosomes NUCLEOLUS

Openings in the nuclear envelope NUCLEAR PORES

Made of rRNA and protein and assembly amino acids into a polypeptide chain RIBOSOMES

Long, whip-like structures used by some cells for movement FLAGELLA

Site of cellular respiration MITOCHONDRIA

Unattached ribosomes in the cytoplasm FREE RIBOSOMES

Energy molecule used by cells to do work ATP

Proteins attached only to one side of the cell membrane PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM System of membranes and tubes in the cytoplasm connecting the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ER with ribosomes attached to its surface ROUGH ER

System of flattened sacs that modify and package proteins GOLGI

Small sacs containing cell products that can be transported from the cell VESICLES

Organelle that digests food and worn out cell parts LYSOSOMES

Made of microtubules and microfilaments to give support to cells and move organelles CYTOSKELETON

Organelle made of microtubules in animal cells that helps form the spindle for cell division CENTRIOLES

Short, hair-like structures that help some cells move CILIA

Made of cellulose and surrounds the outside of plant cells CELL WALL

Organelle that contains pigments in plant cells PLASTID

The largest organelle found in plants containing the cell sap CENTRAL VACUOLE

ER that makes cholesterol & helps detoxify poisons SMOOTH ER