Stimulating Investment in Global Education February 2003

Overview The Story To Date Why EdInvest? Pressures for Change - Global Education Market - Education Reform - New Roles Some Lessons Learnt from West Africa The Story going Forward Products and Services Outcomes and findings Accomplishments in 2002 Plans for 2003 Room for Partnership?

The Story To Date Why EdInvest? Pressures for Change - Global Education Market - Education Reform - New Roles Some Lessons Learnt from West Africa

Why EdInvest? Global education industry IFC receiving education proposals Education reform

Global Education Market 113 million children worldwide have no access to primary education. (World Education Forum, Dakar) Global demand for higher education will reach 160 million by 2025, up from 84 million today. (Merrill Lynch) Education expenditure in developing countries is inadequate to cover rising enrollments: (UNESCO World Education Report) –Over the past 50 years, K-12 enrollment in developing countries has increased by a factor of 8, and higher education enrollment has increased by a factor of 14. –Public expenditure per student has remained generally flat in relation to GNP, particularly for the least developed countries. 113 million children worldwide have no access to primary education. (World Education Forum, Dakar) Global demand for higher education will reach 160 million by 2025, up from 84 million today. (Merrill Lynch) Education expenditure in developing countries is inadequate to cover rising enrollments: (UNESCO World Education Report) –Over the past 50 years, K-12 enrollment in developing countries has increased by a factor of 8, and higher education enrollment has increased by a factor of 14. –Public expenditure per student has remained generally flat in relation to GNP, particularly for the least developed countries.

Uganda Chile Korea Indonesia United States Mali Japan Germany France Denmark Netherlands Sweden Household Spending (% of total ed. spending) all levels

Private Enrolment in Tertiary Education

Education Reform Growing private provision: Vietnam’s “semi-public” schools Deregulation: eg, Senegal, Tanzania

Competition Scholarships and vouchers: Chile, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire

Contracts Private management and subsidies: Kenya, West Africa

Public Role in Education Income distribution Capital market imperfections Information asymmetries Externalities

Private Role in Education Reduce fiscal burden Improve efficiency Enhance choice and diversity Increase accountability

Financing and Provision

Regulatory Framework: West Africa The GambiaSenegalCôte d’Ivoire Entry/ExitLimitedRelatively liberal“Authorized” or RegulationsNo waiting period“chartered” schools “Authorized” orTake account of “recognized” schoolsimpact on existing schools FeesNo limits forNo limitsMinistry of fully private;Commerce Grant-aidedratifies fees limited Direct No for private“Recognized”Subsidies to primary Subsidiesfee-payingprivate schoolsschools Yes for Grant-subsidizedPublic sponsorship aidedof students in private schools

The GambiaSenegalCôte d’Ivoire Subsidized YesNoNo land/ buildings Tax/Customs Exempt fromNo educationNo education Exemptions duties, incomespecificspecific tax & sales taxes,exemptions.Exemptions training/ex-patNon-profit-only for non-profit leviesexemptions Curriculum FreeCentrallyCentralized, but prescribed butvariations allowed variations allowedfor French schools School Hours FreeFreeFree School Year FreeFreeSet centrally after discussion Regulatory Framework: West Africa

Private Education in West Africa, late 1990s Market Share (Percent) The GambiaSenegalCôte d'Ivoire

Growth in Enrollments (private institutions, %) Primary Middle/Junior Secondary Secondary/Senior Secondary Tertiary Côte d’Ivoire(Average annual growth from 1991/ /96) Senegal (1987/ /98) The Gambia ( )

The Story Going Forward Products and Services EdInvest Outcomes Accomplishments in 2002 Plans for 2003 Room for Partnership?

Products and Services Engages in four major activities: –conducts research into market-based solutions in education markets, with a particular emphasis on developing countries; –undertakes consultancies that enable the discovery of underlying patterns and processes that are at work in the burgeoning global education industry; –offers training modules with a particular focus on the institutional requirements for public-private partnership; and –markets and promotes conferences.

EdInvest Outcomes Internal: IFC-World Bank dialogue, strategy, new department, investments External: demand for consulting News/reviews of global industry Assistance to education entrepreneurs

EdInvest Outcomes Internal: IFC-World Bank dialogue, strategy, new department, investments External: on-line resources News/reviews of global industry Market studies (Africa, Eastern Europe) Conferences

EdInvest Outcomes Market surveys (W. Africa) Regulatory framework is key Education entrepreneurs worldwide Research program

Accomplishments in 2002 EdInvest has achieved a lot during its first year of operation: –EdInvest website of global investment opportunities; –monthly newsletter about global education market activity – distribution has doubled within the past year to more than 7,000 individuals worldwide; –global education conferences – in Athens, Lisbon, Phoenix and London; –market analyses on Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia and, in the Balkans, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR of Macedonia, Romania; –training – through the United Nations Training Institute, the World Bank Institute and the Institute of Economic Affairs, and –leveraged additional resources – from multi and bilateral contracts and commissions from the private sector.

Activities for 2003 (through June) - Actual Consultancies Global Study: Private Education for the Poor (Templeton Foundation) India: Study of Demand and Supply for SME in Education (IFC) Saudi Arabia: Partners in Progress (GKSA) Rwanda: Private Education Sector Study (DfID) Africa (pending): Secondary Education in Africa Study Financing and Costs (WB) Conferences India: Education India (April) Portugal: World Education Market (May)

Activities for Planned Development and rollout of an Education Development Finance Facility for Private Education. Establishment of a virtual “Community of Practice” in which public and private education stakeholders share their reflections and findings; and Hosting of global e-discussions.

The Education Development Finance Facility Objective: To create a vehicle that can enable disbursement of small amounts (eg. $200,000 to $1.5 million) to education enterprises in a secure manner. Required: Information: -access for enterprises to existing sources of commercial finance; -demand from enterprises for commercial finance products; -potential partners among commercial providers of finance; -parameters and possible structures for an IFC sponsored facility. Infrastructure : -to disburse the funds; -to ensure quality.