Pre-service teachers’ interest in ELT research Haedong Kim Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Korea)

Content 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Research Method 4. Results Conclusion 5. Conclusion

The definition of research Research is a process of formulating questions, problems, or hypothesis; collecting data or evidence relevant to these questions/ problems/ hypothesis; and analyzing or interpreting these data.

Why are you doing research? Pair Work..

A career move. Personal interest. Following someone’s example. Because other people expect you to do research. Avoiding the real world. Because you can’t find a job, or know it’s going to be hard to get one. Developing your skills and abilities. You enjoy doing research. Pure vanity! Because you like working with the unknown.

Textbooks on ELT research Brown, J.D. (1988). Understanding Research in Second Language Learning: A Teacher's Guide to Statistics and Research Design. Cambridge: CUP. Nunan, D. (1992). Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP McDonough, J. and McDonough, S. (1997). Research Methods for English Language Teachers. London: E Arnold. These books introduces research methods which are appropriate for relevant research in English language teaching (ELT). Quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the notion of the teacher-researcher are discussed.

Quantitative research Qualitative research Facts or cause of social phenomena Objective Inferential, deductive Outcome oriented Reliable Generalization: multiple case studies Reality= stable Understanding human behaviors. Subjective Descriptive, inductive Process-oriented Validity : rich, deep, real data No generalization: single case studies Reality = dynamic

Chandron’s 4 types of research Psychometric: data from an experiment Interaction analysis: recorded speech data Discourse analysis: classroom transcripts Ethnography: real world setting

Grotjahn’s research paradigm There are three variables. 1)Method of data collection (experimentally or real world setting) 2) The types of data (quantitative or qualitative) 3) The types of analysis (statically or interpretative)

Method of data collection The types of dataThe types of analysis Analytical- nomological paradigm Experimental,quantitative data, statistical analysis Exploratory interpretive paradigm Real world setting, qualitativeinterpretative analysis,

Van Lier’s parameters Linguistic research can be analyzed in two parameters. 1)intervention parameter 2)selectivity parameter

Parameters in research design

Brown’s Research Categorization Secondary Research Primary Research -case study / statistical study Systematic research logical research tangible research replicable research reductive research

Wallace: Action Research focused on individual or small –group professional practice Action research(user- friendly) concerned with making general statements Conventional and traditional types of research

3. Focus 2.Topic4.Product 8.refocusin g/fine- tuning 6.Timing 7.Resources 5.Mode 1. Purpose Selecting and developing a research topic

Needs Analysis on ELT research No research has attempted to identify why and what teachers really want in relation to research.

Research Method Question -naire Analysis Subject: 57 Reporting Application

Backgrounds: Subjects Male – 4 (7.7%), Female – 48(92.3%) Below 30 – 38 (73%), Over 31 – 14 (27%) No teaching experience – 16 (31%), less than 3 years – 10 (20%), over 3 years – 6 (12%) primary school – 3 (6%), middle school – 3 (6%), high school – 7 (14%), University – 4 (8%)

Questionnaire Content 1. Reasons for studying research 2. Needs: Skills in writing 3. Type of research method 4. Data collection method 5. Statistical knowledge

Reason for studying research method

How to write …

Research methods

Data Collection Method

Statistical analysis

What makes good research? Pair Work..

–I–Interest, Originality, –S–Specificity, Publication, –S–Sensitivity, Objectivity, –V–Validity, Reliability, –F–Falsifiability, Replicability, –G–Generalizability, Utility, Ethics

Research Training Things participants should know more about (knowledge – theory): Layout of an MA thesis (or an article) of an ELT investigation Ways of finding and manipulating written sources for literature review Relationship between the questions/hypotheses being researched Measurement techniques and research designs Ways of assessing reliability and validity of instruments Statistical analysis appropriate for the resulting figures

Research Training Things participants should be able to do better (skill – practice): Identifying researchable questions and hypotheses and formulating them Criticizing ELT research studies done by others (or reported in journals) Evaluating measuring instruments and designing a piece of research

Research Training Things participants should be able to do better (skill – practice): Identifying what graph and statistical techniques are appropriate in particular research Using basic functions of the SPSS program confidently to make graphs and relevant statistics Writing up accounts of work in professional reporting style

Thank you! Enjoy the ASIA TEFL conference! Thank you! Enjoy the ASIA TEFL conference!