Mission and Organization US Navy and USMC WHAT We Do & WHY We Do It

Learning Objectives A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower Navy/USMC Missions Components of Department of the Navy Functions of the SECNAV Functions of the CNO/CMC

A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower During testimony before the House Armed Services Committee on December 13, 2007, General James Conway, Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps said: “The basic premise of our newly published maritime strategy is that the United States is a force for good in the world - that while we are capable of launching a clenched fist when we must - offering the hand of friendship is also an essential and prominent tool in our kit. That premise flows from the belief that preventing wars is as important as winning wars.”

A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower Naval Forces six (6) core capabilities: Forward Presence Deterrence Sea Control Power Projection Maritime Security Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response Capitalizes on the unique contributions of the Navy/Marine Corps forces across the spectrum of operations in peace and war and how it relates to our national security

USMC Roles and Missions Primary Provide Fleet Marine Force with combined arms and supporting air components for service with the United States Fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the execution of naval campaign. Secondary Development of amphibious doctrine, tactics, equipment, etc.

Additional Responsibilities Security of Naval Shore Stations State Department Guard Duty Embassies As directed by the President Acting as a national “force in readiness”

Missions of the US Navy Sea Control Deterrence Forward Presence Power Projection Maritime Security Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response

Specifically, the Maritime Strategic Concept states: Regionally Concentrated, Credible Combat Power: The U.S. sea services will maintain credible combat power forward "in the Western Pacific and the Arabian Gulf/Indian Ocean to protect our vital interests, assure friends and allies of the continuing U.S. commitment to regional security, and deter and dissuade potential adversaries and peer competitors." The maritime strategy states that the U.S. does not seek adversaries, nor single out any one nation, but will be best postured to maintain security and freedom of movement across the maritime domain.

Specifically, the Maritime Strategic Concept states: Globally Distributed, Mission-Tailored Maritime Forces: The U.S. sea services will establish a persistent global presence using distributed forces that are organized by mission, comprising integrated U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard capabilities. Aircraft Carrier and Expeditionary Strike Groups will continue to deploy much as they do now, but they will also use smaller groups or units to provide this presence across the globe, such as the Global Fleet Station.

Traditional (Cold War) Missions Maintain use of the sea while denying its use to the enemy Ensure industrial supply lines remain open Reinforce/Resupply military forces overseas Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies

Mission: Sea Control Tactics Bottle up the enemy in port Using geographic chokepoints, prevent enemy forces from getting to the open ocean.

Mission: Sea Control Forces used in Sea Control Carriers / Air Wings Surface combatants Fast Attack Submarines Mines

Mission: Deterrence Cold war nuclear deterrence Soviets could expect US had survivable second strike capability China and Taiwan North Korea Iran Non-nation state

Mission: Strategic Deterrence Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): Provide unacceptable risk to attacker Maintain a stable international political environment

Mission: Forward Presence Non-nuclear deterrence Quicker response American Resolve and long reach CSG/ARG and Bases

Forward Presence

Mission: Power Projection Objectives Deliver and support troops ashore Secure land from the enemy Destroy offensive capability of opponent Harassment of enemy forces Shaping other nations’ military/political options

Mission: Power Projection TLAM Strike Aircraft Naval Gunfire Special Operations USMC Strategic Weapons

Maritime Security

Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response

Department of the Navy Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC)

Department of the Navy Operating Forces provide, train, and equip ships, aircraft, submarines, Marines and direct-support bases involved in operations Shore Establishment provides support to the operating forces; supporting the fleet in numerous ways (recruiting command, ship/aircraft repair, intelligence, meteorological, etc.)

Department of the Navy

Secretary of the Navy Honorable Ray Mabus The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is is responsible for conducting the affairs of the Department of the Navy, including recruiting, organizing, equipping, training and mobilizing. Additionally, oversees the construction and repair of naval ships, aircraft, and facilities, and formulates and implements policies and programs consistent with the national security policies established by the President and the Secretary of Defense. SECNAV is responsible for an annual budget in excess of $170 billion and leadership of almost 900,000 people.

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) ADMIRAL JONATHAN W. GREENERT The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is the senior military officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO is a four-star admiral and is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command, utilization of resources, and operating efficiency of the operating forces of the Navy and of the Navy shore activities assigned by the Secretary of the Navy.

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy MCPON (AW/NAC) Michael D. Stevens The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) serves as the senior enlisted leader of the Navy, and as an advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and to the Chief of Naval Personnel in matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families.

Current Status of the Navy Active Duty: 323,639   Officers: 54,669   Enlisted: 265,652  Midshipmen: 3,318 Ready Reserve: 107,716   Selected Reserves: 59,927   Individual Ready Reserve: 47,789 Reserves currently mobilized: 3,574 DoN Civilian Employees: 201,000

Current Status, Cont’d Deployable Battle Force Ships: 290   Ships Underway (away from homeport): 103 (36% of total)   Ships Underway   Carriers: USS George H. W. Bush (CVN 77) - 5th Fleet Amphibious Assault Ships: USS Peleliu (LHA 5) - 7th Fleet ; USS Bataan (LHD 5) - 5th Fleet; USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) – Atlantic; USS Iwo Jima (LHD 7) – Atlantic; USS Makin Island (LHD 8) - 7th Fleet Aircraft (operational): 3700+

USMC ORGANIZATION

Commandant of the Marine Corps General James Amos The Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command, utilization of resources and operating efficiency of the Marine Corps. A member of the JCS, the Commandant of the Marine Corps shall advise the Secretary of the Navy regarding the employment of Marine Corps forces.

Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps Sergeant Major Michael P. Barrett Performs much the same role as the MCPON but for the CMC (i.e., senior enlisted leader of the Marine Corps and an advisor to the Commandant in matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families).

Current Status of the USMC Active Duty Officers: 20,639 Enlisted: 182,147 Selected Reserves: 37,607

The Naval Reserve

Organization Vice Admiral Robin R. Braun, USN Chief of Navy Reserve Commander, Navy Reserve Force Principal adviser to CNO on all Naval Reserve matters

The Naval Reserve Mission of the Naval Reserve Primary: to provide trained units and qualified individuals for active duty in time of war or national emergency Secondary: to assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime mission as a by-product of training for mobilization

Total Force Concept Includes all the resources available to perform national defense missions. The reserves are an integral and vital portion of the total resources. Budgetary constraints do not make it feasible to provide for an active force that is capable of handling all contingencies. It is very important that reserve training is meaningful and mobilization enhancing. Prior to 1980, the reserves were poorly trained and ill-equipped.

History of the Reserves Revolutionary War fought by civilian soldiers 1915 Congress established a federal Naval Reserve End of WWII over 3/4 of the 3,220,000 officers and enlisted were reservists

History of the Reserves In the Korean War, 25% of Navy personnel were reservists In the Vietnam War, six air reserve squadrons and two reserve Seabee Battalions were recalled In Gulf War and Iraqi Freedom numerous reserve units were recalled

Reserve Status Currently, the Navy Reserve represents 20% of the Navy’s total assets. The Navy Reserve Force consists of the Ready Reserve, the Standby Reserve, and the Retired Reserve, in total numbering nearly 700,000 men and women. In a number of mission areas, the Naval Reserve maintains a high percentage of the total Navy capability Ocean mine sweepers 85% Carrier Airwings 14% Coastal Warfare 66% Assault craft units 42%

The Naval Reserve Naval Reserve Administration Elements of the Naval Reserve Surface reserve 185 reserve centers Less than 2,000 units, 4% of all commissioned ships Air reserve 5 Naval Air Reserve wings 33 squadrons, about 6% of the Navy’s aircraft inventory Other programs Intelligence, shipbuilding, supply, medical, and legal

Naval Reserve Forces The Naval Reserve is composed of 2 main components, the Ready Reserve and the Standby Reserve.

Reserve Manpower Categories Ready Reserve Two Branches Selected Reserve Individual Ready Reserve Standby Reserve Consists of two branches Standby Reserve-Active Standby Reserve-Inactive

The Naval Reserve Ready Reserve The structure of the Reserves is based on the Selected Reserves Commissioned Units: composed of ships, squadrons, and construction battalions; these are delivered to an operation force Reinforcing Units: augment Regular Navy commissioned units so that combat forces can operate at the highest level of readiness. Sustaining Units: reinforce fleet and force support activities with trained personnel to provide surge capabilities

Selected Reserve (SELRES) “Core” of the Naval Reserve program Subject to involuntary recall for war or national emergency or by the President for up to 90 days to support operational requirements Perform 48 drills and receive 2 weeks training in a pay status each year

Reserve Training Regularly scheduled drill Rate training Officer development Shipboard simulator: provides hands-on training and communication drills Reserve unit evolutions: active duty for training Required for Selected Reserves Critical to maintain skills

Standby Reserve Subject to Involuntary recall only for war, national emergencies declared by Congress, or when otherwise authorized by law

Review CNO? Commandant? MCPON? SGTMAJ USMC? Chief of Naval Reserve? SECNAV? Missions of USN?