The Immune System Catherine McNamara, Ashton Chrisicas, Molly Micou

Terms Antigen - the target that triggers molecular configuration formation of white blood cell armies when recognized by certain lymphocytes. --provokes an immune system response o most important antigens = proteins at surface of pathogens Pathogens - Cause disease. Examples.) viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoans, parasitic worms Antibody - proteins, matches only one kind of antigen. secreted by B cells and bind to antigens of pathogens or toxins and tag them for disposal, as by phagocytes and complement activation All from source 3.

Basic Function The basic function of the immune system is to protect the body from foreign pathogens.

Three Lines of Defense The body has three lines of defense against infections: 1.barriers at body surfaces (nonspecific) o skin and membranes, chemicals, bacteria 2.nonspecific responses (nonspecific) o inflammation  white blood cells, macrophages, infection-fighting proteins o organs with pathogen-killing functions (lymph nodes) o some cytotoxic cells with a range of targets 3.immune responses (specific) o T and B cells for macrophages to interact with o communication signals and chemical weapons All from source 3.

White Blood Cells Job White blood cells (Leukocytes): target or engulf dead and foreign cells in the body. Protect the body from disease... defense and housekeeping - Circulate in the blood in order to be transported to the place on infection - formed from stem cells in bone marrow - found in lymph nodes and spleen - 5 different kinds of white blood cells: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes 2 main types of white blood cells 1.WBC (neutrophil) engulf and "eat" by wrapping around the invader and trapping it inside (endocytosis). Once inside, digestive enzymes destroy the invader. 2.Lymphocytes: T-cells recognize surface proteins on other cells and when in contact with an intruder, the intruder is killed. Simulation All from source 2. animation of white blood cells: online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=ap14704

Immunity T Cells - macrophages that activate when they find antigens and then identify and activate B cells B Cells - divide to form plasma cells and B memory cells o plasma - release antibodies which attach to the pathogen o B memory - part of the immune memory system to remember pathogens Macrophages - detects antibodies from the B cells on pathogens o use endocytosis to engulf pathogens and destroy them All from source 1.

Vaccines An initial injection triggers a primary immune response to an antigen A subsequent injection - a booster - elicits a secondary response, with rapid formation of more effector cells and memory cells that can provide a long-lasting protection against the disease. Passive immunization-used for individuals who are already infected with pathogens that cause diseases. A person at risk receives injections of purified antibodies that help fight the pathogen. Active Immunization-A person who is injected with components of a pathogen (antigens) that helps the person develop memory cells and antibodies that can help destroy the pathogen the next time it appears. All from source 3.

Analogy Pathogens-Crimina T Cells-Someone who finds the criminal and alerts the police department B-Cells-The police department that identifies the Criminal Macrophages-The police that take out the criminal

Works Cited 1. Lymphatic System and Immunity. Estrella Mountain Community College, n.d. Web. 8 Nov Nucleusanimation. "3D Medical Animation: Antibody Immune Response." YouTube. YouTube, 25 June Web. 08 Nov Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology; The Unity and Diversity of Life. Ninth ed. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, Print. 4. "Immunology Basics." Vaccine Healthcare Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov "White Blood Cells." White Blood Cells. Partnerships for Environmental Education and Rural Health, n.d. Web. 08 Nov "Cells and Systems - Section 3.1 Quiz." BC Science 8. McGraw Hill Ryerson, n.d. Web. 7 Nov