How can we identify different minerals?

At the lab tables, decide upon 5 ways to separate minerals into groups with your partner Use the white board to share this with your peers! How would you group minerals?

Properties used to Identify Minerals LusterColor StreakHardness CleavageFeel TasteMagnetic Acids GEODE CD-ROM Main Menu 1.Earth Materials 3. Properties used to Identify Minerals

More properties to I.D. minerals page 107 in your book Fluorescent double refraction Odor Specific gravity Radioactive Solubility in water Crystal shape

1 Hand lens1 yellow 1 Penny2 clear 1 Glass plate2 pink 2 Streak plates1 dark red 1 magnet1 flat 1 Nail1 gold 8 minerals

Physical Properties of Minerals Color: light or dark, yellow, gold, pink…. Luster: –metallic, –Non-metallic: dull, glassy, vitreous, pearly, adamantine Light: transparent, opaque, translucent, double refraction,

Streak The color of the mineral in its powdered form. Rubbing the mineral on a streak plate. Streak is more reliable than color: Streak is a consistent property of a mineral. Metallic minerals generally have a dark streak, –Non-metallic mineral do not Two different colored forms of the SAME mineral: SAME colored streak

Mohs scale of hardness Hardness Relative scale: comparing the hardness of a mineral to a known object Diamond being the hardest 10 Talc is the softest 1

Describe a test you can do to identify a mineral.

Fracture Quartz (glass) fractures and shatters into irregular-shaped pieces with no flat planes Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat planes of weak bonding Halite will cleave into many smaller pieces each with 3 planes at 90°

Three examples of perfect cleavage – 3 flat planes (sides) fluorite, halite, and calcite

NameColor Luster Light Interaction StreakHard- ness CleavageSmellSol. water Sol. acid 1 Yellow Dull OpaqueYellow1-2noneRotten Egg! IS 2Gold, metallic, shiny opaqueblack6none ISSS? 3 white Pearly, flat Transparent translucent none2-3Perfect! 1 direction peels noneIS 4 Clear shiny Transparent Double refraction None white 3perfectnoneISYES! FIZZ 5 Clear, white Shiny, Tastes salty translucentnone2-2.5Perfect! 3 direction 90° angle noneYes! dis- solve s IS 6 Dark red- brown dull opaqueRed- brown 3-4noneNone or earthy ISSS 7 Salmon pinkopaquenone6Good 2 direction noneIS 8 Pink, clear glassy translucentnone7None fractures concoidal noneIS sulfur Pyrite Mica (Muscovite) calcite Halite (Salt) hematite feldspar Quartz

Mineral Flow Chart in your notebooks copy the chart below Color? dark or light_______________ Luster? Metallic or non-metallic ________ Streak? Black, brown or reddish________ Harder than glass? __________________ Cleavage? Yes, no cleavage, 1,2,3,4 planes Solubility in water? ______ In acid?_______ Mineral Name _____________

Quiz time What characteristics do all minerals share? Where do minerals come from? Name and describe at least three properties that we can use to distinguish minerals.

Which has a higher specific gravity? Metals or non-metals?

Determining the Specific Gravity of a Mineral 1.Get out a piece of notebook paper. 2.Title: SpG & Mineral I.D. (pg ) 3.Copy Data Table 1 on page Copy the formula on pg Collect the data using a balance 7.Use the table on pg. 113 to Identify the mineral 8. Answer questions #3-8 on page 113

Practice Calculate the Specific Gravity of the mineral using the mass measurements. Mass in air: 15.0 g Mass in water-12.0 g SpG = What mineral is this? 3 g Mass in air Loss of mass 15.0 g 3.0 g = 5.0