18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 QUIT 18 CHAPTER The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Chapter Overview Time Line MAP SECTION 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire SECTION 2 Patterns of Change: Cultural Blending GRAPH SECTION 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India Visual Summary

18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 HOME 18 CHAPTER The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Chapter Overview Between the 14th and the 16th centuries, three powerful Islamic empires emerge between India and the Balkans. The Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Persia, and the Mughals of India successfully deal with ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity, but eventually fall prey to internal corruption and external pressure.

18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 HOME Time Line 1300 1700 CHAPTER The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Time Line 1300 Osman founds Ottoman state. 1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople. 1526 Babur founds Mughal Empire. 1631 Shah Jahan orders construction of Taj Mahal. 1300 1700 1398 Timur the Lame destroys Delhi. 1501 Safavids conquer Persia. 1587 Shah Abbas rules Safavid Empire.

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Key Idea 1 HOME 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Key Idea Turkish religious warriors along the Byzantine frontier capture Constantinople and build an enduring empire. Their realm combines elements from many cultures and religions and eventually stretches from the Balkans to North Africa and Persia. Overview Assessment

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Overview 1 • ghazi • Osman HOME 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • ghazi • Osman • Timur the Lame • Mehmet II • Suleiman the Lawgiver • janissary • devshirme MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that combined many cultures and lasted for more than 600 years. Many modern societies—from Algeria to the Balkan countries—had their origins under Ottoman rule. Assessment

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1 HOME 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Section 1 Assessment 1. List the main rulers of the Ottoman Empire and their chief accomplishments. Ottoman Ruler Major Accomplishment Osman Establishes Ottoman state Murad II Expands empire Mehmet II Conquers Constantinople Selim the Grim Defeats Safavids and captures Islamic holy cities Suleiman I Unifies and expands empire Selim II Loses the Battle of Lepanto continued . . .

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1 HOME 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Section 1 Assessment 2. Do you think that the Ottomans were wise in staffing their military and government with slaves? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the loyalty of slaves to the sultan • the training slaves received • others who might have served in the government ANSWER Possible Responses: Yes—Slaves received excellent education and training and had the chance to rise to high positions; they were loyal to the sultan. No—Slaves were forcibly taken from their homes and would be alert for opportunities to rebel or escape from the palace. continued . . .

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1 HOME 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Section 1 Assessment 3. Do you think that Suleiman’s religious tolerance helped or hurt the Ottoman Empire? Explain. THINK ABOUT • Suleiman’s treatment of non-Muslims • the effect on the individual religious groups • the long-term effect on the empire as a whole ANSWER Possible Responses: Helped—kept people of various religions happy Hurt—did not encourage people to think of themselves as part of one Ottoman nation End of Section 1

Cultural Blending Key Idea CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 HOME 2 Cultural Blending PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire Key Idea Interactions among diverse people in the Islamic world give rise to a new cultural mix. The Safavids draw on Shi’a religious ideology, ancient Persian traditions, and Ottoman political ideas to forge a new Persian culture. Overview Assessment

Cultural Blending Overview CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 • Safavid HOME 2 Cultural Blending PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire TERMS & NAMES Overview • Safavid • Isma’il • Shah Abbas • Isfahan MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Many world cultures incorporate influences from various peoples and traditions. Modern Iran, which plays a key role in global politics, is descended from the culturally diverse Safavid Empire. Assessment

Powerful Safavid Empire HOME 2 Cultural Blending PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the events that enabled the Safavids to build a powerful empire. Powerful Safavid Empire Effect Events Shi’ism becomes state religion. Isma’il builds a powerful army. Isma’il expands the empire. Trade, industry, and art flourish. Shah Abbas reforms military, society, and government. continued . . .

Cultural Blending 2 CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 HOME 2 Cultural Blending PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire Section 2 Assessment 2. Within a century after the Safavids adopted Shi’a Islam, their leader, Isma’il, became a religious tyrant. Why might he have become so intolerant? THINK ABOUT • the persecution of Safavids by Ottoman Sunni Muslims • the role of religion in Safavid life • the geographic location of the Safavid Empire ANSWER Possible Response: Because the Sunni persecuted Shi’a, Isma’il wanted to strengthen Shi’ism and spread it throughout the empire. He may have believed that this was the only way to overcome Sunni opposition in Iran and from the Ottomans. End of Section 2

The Mughals Establish an Empire in India Key Idea 3 HOME 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Key Idea The Mughals, Sunni Muslim Turks from Central Asia, conquer India and bring together Turks, Persians, and Indians in a vast empire. Overview Assessment

The Mughals Establish an Empire in India Overview 3 • Mughal • Babur HOME 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • Mughal • Babur • Akbar • Jahangir • Nur Jahan • Sikh • Shah Jahan • Taj Mahal • Aurangzeb MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians, and Indians together in a vast empire. The legacy of great art and deep social division left by the Mughal Empire still influences southern Asia. Assessment

The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3 HOME 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Indicate the effects each leader below had on the Mughal Empire. Include both positive and negative effects in your answer. Babur expanded the empire. Babur Akbar Jahangir / Nur Jahan Shah Jahan Aurangzeb + - Akbar left a better government and a flowering of culture. Jahangir and Nur Jahan sparked religious conflict with the Sikhs. Shah Jahan made life difficult for Hindus. Aurangzeb waged costly wars. continued . . .

The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3 HOME 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 2. In what ways was the golden age of Akbar similar to and different from the flowering of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas and of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I? THINK ABOUT • the rulers’ cultural and military achievements • their tolerance of other cultures • their successors ANSWER Possible Responses: Similar—Governmental reform, cultural blending and flowering, military leadership Different—Akbar didn’t murder his sons. continued . . .

The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3 HOME 3 The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 3. Do you think Shah Jahan made good use of his power and authority? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • how Shah Jahan came to power • the beautiful buildings he built • conditions in India during his reign ANSWER Possible Responses: Yes—Shah Jahan kept the empire together and built magnificent buildings that reflected the empire’s glory. No—He turned his back on his suffering people while constructing beautiful buildings, living extravagantly, and pursuing war. End of Section 3