2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt Intellectual Reformation Catholic Reformation Protestant Reformation Political Powers & Rulers Religious Orders

This was originally made to assist book copying for universities, but then it was used to spread ideas in the reformation. What is it?

The Printing Press

Who wrote the first Greek edition of the new Testament, wrote in Praise and Folly, was considered the father of biblical criticism and was very witty?

Erasmus

What was the primary goal of Christian Humanism?

To make Christians better through better education

Name and describe the Bible and its parts the Christian Humanist scholars took 15 years to make.

Polygot Bible: Old Testament had 3 parallel columns one written in Greek, one in Latin vulgate, and the other in Hebrew, The New Testament which had 2 columns and was written in Greek and Latin vulgate, and the Bible which was written in Latin Vulgate

Name two things that the Christian Humanist found and what group supported them?

They found schools for women and schools that were not reserved for people interested in church jobs, but wanted to learn other information. The new Monarchs such as Henry VIII and the Holy Roman Emperors such as Maximilian I and Charles V supported them.

Name the document used by the Roman Catholic Church to ban heretical writings

Index of Prohibited Books

Which pope organized the Council of Trent?

Pope Paul III

Who was Francis Xavier?

Francis Xavier was a Jesuit who traveled to Portuguese port cities in the East. He made converts to Catholicism in these cities as well as in India and Japan.

Name three reforms that the Council of Trent imposed on the Clergy.

Priests were required to be educated, celibate, and take an active role in the church (preach regularly).

What characterized the “new piety” of the Catholic reformation?

“New Piety” put an emphasis on simplicity and more personalized religious practice.

Which development from the Renaissance Period contributed the most to the Protestant Reformation?

Questioning traditional authorities deriving from the philosophy of Humanism, or the emphasis on individuality. Traditional sources of authority at this time in Europe was involved in the catholic Church, which had engaged in practices that many found distasteful (such as the selling of indulgences.)

What were the results of the Protestant Reformation?

It had weakened the power and authority of the Catholic Church, since there were many disagreements about the teachings. New religious sects had began developing so the Catholic Church loss the ability to control.

What aspect helped most in bringing out the Protestant reformation?

The Kings and Princes in Northern Europe. They had resented the ways of the church, for being to controlling (like how the church had owned vast lands).

What was Calvin’s belief of “predestination”?

Predestination was the idea that God already had in mind who was destined for Heaven and Hell.

Calvin helped spread Protestantism greatly. Where did his beliefs and this newly formed religion spread to in Europe?

Protestantism spread to France, Scotland, Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and many more places that Luther’s beliefs did not reach. Its greatest impact was on Britain.

What was Henry VIII’s main reason for divorcing Catherine of Aragon?

She had produced no male heir and only one of her six children had survived. He believed that this was God’s punishment for she was previously married to his brother before.

What was important about Mary Tudor?

She was the first woman to rule England and she enforced Catholic beliefs on the nation and abolished Protestantism.

What did Elizabeth I bring back to England when she came into power?

Protestantism

Who was Charles V and what did he make Luther do before the Diet of Worms?

He was the Holy Roman Emperor and demanded that Luther should renounce his ways of Protestantism.

What did the Peace of Augsburg call for?

It was a treaty where Charles V agreed to allow the German princes to establish religion on their people.

Which religious order sparked after the publishing of the 95 theses and believed indulgences sold by the Catholic Church were unjust?

Lutheranism

Which Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola and was known for its missionary discipline and education?

The Society of Jesus

Which order was the subject of the reform beginning in 1515 and ending in 1582 and lead by Saint Teresa?

Carmelites

What were two primary motives for the Ursulines?

To educate girls and take care of the sick and needy

Which order of friars branched off from the Franciscans and rose during the counter reformation?

Capuchins

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