Elements and Compounds Chapter 11 Notes Part 2 Elements and Compounds

Elements and the Periodic Table Recall that an atom is the tiniest particle that makes up matter. All matter is made of atoms Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table An atom is composed of 3 main particles Protons: Positively charged particles Electrons: Negatively charged particles Neutrons: Neutral (no charge) particles Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Protons and Neutrons together make up the nucleus-the center, of the atom. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Matter’s simplest form is the element. Elements are the building blocks of all matter. An element is a particle of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table For example, NaCl is table salt. You can break down NaCl into Na (Sodium) and Cl (Chlorine) However, you cannot break down Sodium or Chlorine into simpler substances. Sodium and Chlorine are elements. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table How many atoms are bound together in an element is shown by an elemental formula. Elements and the Periodic Table

Organization of the Periodic Table Some elements can exist as single atoms. For these elements, their formula is the same as their chemical symbol. Examples; Gold (Au), Lithium (Li) Organization of the Periodic Table

Organization of the Periodic Table Other elements exist in basic units of two or three atoms. In these elements, their formula is their chemical symbol followed by a subscript indicating the number of atoms. Examples: Oxygen (O2), Nitrogen (N2) Organization of the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table There are currently 118 identified elements, 89 of which occur naturally on Earth. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table The periodic table is a chart of all known elements arranged in a systematic fashion, represented by their chemical symbols. It arranges elements with similar chemical properties in the same vertical or horizontal rows. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Vertical rows of elements in the periodic table are called groups or families. Horizontal rows are called periods or series. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table GROUP/FAMILY SERIES/PERIOD Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table The periodic table also includes the atomic masses and atomic numbers for each element. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Atomic mass is exactly what it sounds like-the total mass of an atom of that element. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table The masses of elements are given in amu-atomic mass units. 1 amu= 1.661 x 10-24 grams 0.000000000000000000000001661 g Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of that element. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table The periodic table is listed in order of increasing atomic number. We will often identify elements by their atomic number. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table The way the periodic table is arranged also tells us a lot about the structure and behavior of different elements. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table There are many trends as you move across periods/series or down groups/families. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table There are 3 basic groups that make up the periodic table: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metals are shiny, opaque, and good conductors of both electricity and heat. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metals are malleable-they can be hammered into different shapes or bent without breaking. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metals are also ductile- they can be drawn out into wires. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metals are generally solid at room temperature. Exceptions: Mercury (Hg), Gallium (Ga), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are often transparent. Nonmetals are brittle, and shatter when hammered. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metalloids are a small group of elements that have both metallic and nonmetallic properties. The metalloids are: Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Tin (Sn), and Antimony (Sb), and Astatine (At) Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table Metalloids conduct electricity and heat, but weakly. Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements to Compounds H2O NaCl NaOH HCl When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a compound. H2O NaOH NaCl HCl Elements to Compounds

There are over 16 million known compounds! Elements to Compounds

A compound is represented by its chemical formula. The numbers in the formula represent the ratio of atoms that exist in that compound. Elements to Compounds

For example, in water (H2O), there are 2 Hydrogen (H) atoms for every 1 Oxygen (O) atom. Elements to Compounds

Compounds have properties that are different from their elemental components. Example: NaCl has very different properties from Na and Cl. Elements to Compounds

There are some basic rules to naming compounds that you will need to know.

1. The name of the element farther to the left comes first 1. The name of the element farther to the left comes first. The name of the element farther to the right comes second, followed by –ide. Example: Hydrogen and Chlorine. Hydrogen is further to the left, so it comes first. Chlorine is further to the right, so it comes second, followed by –ide. Name: Hydrogen Chloride Naming Compounds

2. When two or more compounds have different numbers of the same elements, we use prefixes to clarify which one we mean. Example: Carbon and Oxygen CO = Carbon monoxide (mon=one) CO2 = Carbon dioxide (di=two) Naming Compounds

3. Many compounds are referred to by their “common” name rather than their chemical name. Examples: Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3) Naming Compounds

1. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a(n) Compound Mixture Element Atom Review

Review 2. Which of the following would cause a CHEMICAL change? Moving Shattering Burning Melting Review

Review 3. Which of the following is a physical change? Dissolving Evaporating Bending All of the above Review

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical property? Freezing point Reactivity Boiling point Density Review