1. Poverty Activity and Reflection 2. Poverty and LBJ 3. “Great Society” Activity

 Elected as Vice President under Kennedy in  Kennedy assassinated on November 22nd 1963, Johnson sworn in as President of the United States.

 Johnson’s presidential style was dramatically different than Kennedy’s.  Johnson Treatment  Known to intimidate, flatter or threaten fellow politicians to get what he wanted done.

 Lyndon Johnson (D) v. Barry Goldwater (R)  Goldwater was an outspoken conservative. ▪ Seen to Americans as an aggressive stance for during the Cold War.  Johnson won in a landslide; winning all but 5 southern states.  Electoral vote: 486 to 52.  Political ad used by Johnson Political ad used by Johnson

 Johnson grew up on a small, rural Texas farm.  Before politics, was a teacher in a poverty stricken high school.  Both of these traits gave him a “soft spot” for poverty.  LBJ: Before the War on Poverty LBJ: Before the War on Poverty

 Johnson made it a mission to take a stance on the on-going problem of poverty.  State of the Union address State of the Union address

 1959: 22.1% of all Americans lived below the poverty line. (38 million people)  People came from all walks of life; not just minorities.  Farmers, African Americans, Elderly, children, Hispanics, Native Americans were major groups affected.

 World War II and Korean War  More than half of Americans lacked a High School diploma, only low- wage jobs were available for them.  White Flight: Moving to Suburbs, left lower class in urban cities.

 Book written by Michael Harrington to address the poverty problem across America.  Discusses issues such as a lack of affordable health care, programs to help disadvantaged Americans, disappearing of family farms and lack of programs for elderly retirement.  Brought attention to President Johnson and other lawmakers.

 Small rural farms took a hit  Part of lower class, most young men were enlisted to the military or take jobs in urban cities to help families.  Over the 1960’s, close to 900,000 farms disappeared largely due to consolidation.  Poverty in the 1960s documentary

YearNumber of FarmsFarm PopulationPercent of Total Population 19505,64823, ,51418, ,96315, ,35612, What do these numbers tell us? Head Start, Medicare, Medicaid, and the creation of the department of Housing and Urban Development in order to make housing more affordable for all Americans.

 Racial segregation  Were discriminated against more than any other minority group, hard to find jobs.  Concentrated in low-paying jobs and inner cities.

 25 % of African American houses were headed by single moms.  Proportion of African American youth to White youth (aged 14 to 24): 78% v. 23%.  Contributes to rise in crime, out-of-wedlock birth and unemployment.

 Spatial mismatch  People moving to suburbs made those “left behind” disconnected at a disadvantage of those opportunities.

What does this graph tells us?

 Great Society Program  Set up multiple programs, passed acts all to help fix the poverty problem in America.  Economic Opportunity Act, Office of Economic Opportunity, Neighborhood Youth Corps, VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America)  Also set up Head Start, Medicare, Medicaid, and the creation of the department of Housing and Urban Development.

 First time since the 1960’s, our poverty rate is the closest it has been since the Great Society program was established.  More children are in poverty than seniors.  More households are headed by single women, more immigrants have arrived in the U.S. with little education.