Antebellum South AP US History

The Southern Economy

Southern Society-Circa 1850 “Slavocracy” [plantation owners] 6,000,000 The“Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers] Freemen 250,000 Slaves 3,200,000 Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Southern Population

Southern Agriculture

Georgia Plantation

Ledger of John White Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00 Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal, Donaldsonville, $1200.00 Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00 Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

Reliance on Cotton-changes on production 1820 1860

Cotton Exports

Resistance

Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard. Isolated acts of sabotage. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Quilt Patterns=Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Rebellion

Rebellion Nat Turner, 1831 Gabriel Prosser, 1800 1822

Growing concerns over Slavery

Distribution of Slave Labor

Slave Owning Population-Circa 1850

Early Emancipation in the North

Laws on Slavery U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2] 1793  Fugitive Slave Act. 1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Slavery in the South-Unusual? 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Philadelphia. By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state. 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy. 1820s: many newly independent Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free. 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies. 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated

Missouri Compromise Go over it on the board-how does this create problems, what are the the issues with this plan?

Compromise of 1850 Introduced by Henry Clay

Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896 Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Sold 300,000 its first year 1 million copies in a decade Lincoln -“So this is the lady who started this great war”

Presidential Election 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat General Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free-Soil Party

Results

Kansas-Nebraska Act,1854

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) Bleeding Kansas Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

Another Fight in Congress-”The Crime Against Congress Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Birth of Republican Party Northern Whigs Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Presidential Election, 1856

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857

Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Illinois Senate race 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. Popular Sovereignty

The Final Nail Election of 1860

The Candidates Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglass Northern Democrat Stephen C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat

The Republican Platform Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. Why would southerners oppose this platform?

RESULTS

A nation coming Apart? Discuss the cartoon. Who is presented and what is it symbolizing?

One Last Attempt to Preserve the Union Crittenden Compromise: Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) Corwin Compromise Senator Thomas Corwin (Ohio)

Secession! SC, Dec 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861