CHAPTER 12 DRIVING IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS 12.1 REDUCED VISIBILITY 12.2 REDUCED TRACTION 12.3 OTHER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

REDUCED VISIBILITY WHENEVER REDUCED VISIBILITY 1. SLOW DOWN 2. SCAN EARLY 3. PREDICT OTHERS MOVEMENTS 4. DECEIDE POSITION WITH EXTRA SPACE CUSHION 5. EXECUTE GENTLY TO MAINTAIN CONTROL

IF MOISTURE BUILD-UP 1. TURN ON FRONT DEFROSTER 2. SWITCH ON REAR DEFOGGER 3. USE AIR CONDITIONER/ HEATER TO HELP 4. OPEN WINDOWS IF NEEDED

SUN GLARE 2. BRIGHTEST DAYS CREATE DARKEST SHADOWS 3. LOW BEAM HEADLIGHTS HELP OTHERS SEE YOU

1. USE VISOR

LOW VISUAL CONTRAST BETWEEN MOVING AND THE DRIVING SCENE DAWN AND DUSK LOW VISUAL CONTRAST BETWEEN MOVING AND THE DRIVING SCENE

DAWN AND DUSK Driving can be dangerous Use low beam lights

Switch to Low Beam for Oncoming cars Use Low Beam in Bad Weather Night Driving Switch to Low Beam for Oncoming cars Use Low Beam in Bad Weather

Use High Beam Lights to See Further Down the Road

Avoid staring at mirrors Glare of other headlights can blind you

Make sure you flip your rear view mirror to night driving to avoid glare

Meeting Other Vehicles Flick to Low Beam Lights If Other Driver is Using High Beams Move to the right and Look for Curb You May Also Flash Your Lights to Remind Oncoming Driving to Switch to Low Beams

Over Driving Headlights Driving at a speed that makes your stopping distance farther than the distance lighted by your headlights

FOG Use Low Beam Other cars appear closer than they are Increase following distance

RAIN Use Wipers and Low Beam

Reduce speed and increase following distance Avoid Deep Pools of Water RAIN Reduce speed and increase following distance Avoid Deep Pools of Water

Reduced Traction

SNOW Slow and Steer Carefully Slush and Ice build-up on Wipers and Head Lights

SNOW Fresh Snow at Low Temps Traction Can Be Good but… Covers Roadway Markings

SNOW Driving in tire tracks of others can help increase traction

Snow Fresh Snow – Traction Fairly Good Packed Snow – Low Traction Sub Zero – EVERYTHINGS FROZEN

Hydroplaning Tires lose Contact because they are on top of the Water Tire Tread Cuts through water to grip the road If Traveling Too fast…………………#!&@

Deep Water Estimate Depth Fire Hydrants Fences Trees If water is higher than bottom of your vehicle, DO NOT ENTER

Driving Forward and Backward quickly and Repeatedly. Rocking the Vehicle Driving Forward and Backward quickly and Repeatedly.

On Bridges Black Ice Ice in Tire Tracks

Gravel act like marbles under your wheels and may cause skidding Gravel Roads Gravel act like marbles under your wheels and may cause skidding

Wet Leaves are slippery Avoid Piles

Construction Areas Trucks and Equipment leave mud, dirt, sand, on the roadway Slow, Be Watchful for Workers!

Skidding Over-Power Skid Over-Braking Skid Too much power to the drive wheels Over-Braking Skid No ABS, may lock up your wheels when stopping suddenly

Front Wheel Skid Loss of Steering Release Accelerator or brake Pump Brakes (if no ABS) Steer towards path you want to go

Rear Wheel Skid Release Accelerator or Brake Steer Quickly the direction you want to go If Fishtail Counter steer according

Front Wheel Skid Rear Wheel Skid

Skidding In a Curve Happens when entering a curve too fast May go off the road! Let the Car slow on its own and aim for the roadway

Pumping the brakes gently to slow quickly and be able to steer Controlled Braking Car with ABS Pumps the brakes for you allowing you to brake and steer at the same time Car without ABS Pumping the brakes gently to slow quickly and be able to steer

Be Ready to steer into wind Especially Dangerous when passing trucks

Tornado Listen to weather reports Listen for sirens Be prepared to pull over Get out of the car and lay down in the lowest lying area (ie. A ditch)

Cooling systems may over heat engine Check gauges Often Hot Weather Cooling systems may over heat engine Check gauges Often

Exhaust Leaks Do Not Race Engine Do Not Set Parking Brake Cold Weather Exhaust Leaks Do Not Race Engine Do Not Set Parking Brake

Bad Weather Driving Tips Look and Listen to Weather Reports Keep Windows Clear Respect Lower Speeds Keep Safe Following Distance Keep Moving in Snow Lower Gear on Slippery Roads Avoid Cruise Control