Traffic Control at Emergency Incidents 4/20/2017 Traffic Control at Emergency Incidents Brantley County Firefighters Association Monthly Training Conducted by the Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department January, 2009 Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department

Welcome Introductions Housekeeping January, 2009 January, 2009 Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department 2

Terminal Objective To provide the student with the basic tools necessary to provide for responder safety at the scene of an emergency involving a roadway. January, 2009 January, 2009 Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department 3

Enabling Objectives Discuss the need for traffic control Discuss the various laws, regulations, and standards covering traffic control at emergency scenes Discuss terminology related to traffic control Discuss safety measures to be considered when establishing traffic control Discuss establishing and expanding the scene January, 2009 January, 2009 Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department Atkinson Volunteer Fire Department 4

Why we need uniform response for traffic control The Need Why we need uniform response for traffic control

The Problem January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 6

The Problem January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 7

Courtesy of FirefighterCloseCalls.com The Problem July 5, 2007 1:05pm Mesquite, TX All four firefighters were transported to the hospital and all were released within 6 hours of the incident. The firefighter that stumbled out of the cab on the driver's side was ok after being checked out at the hospital. Neither of the firefighters in the back had time to sit down and get belted into their seats before the collision. The Driver/Engineer and the Captain were both belted in their seats at the time of the accident. The crew had received another call for service and were preparing to respond when the accident occurred. The A post where the Captain sits was completely detached at the roof line. The Captain jumped out of the front window after the accident to check on the occupants of the semi. No one in the semi was hurt. The pumper has been totaled. As you can see from the video it got bent pretty bad. Courtesy of FirefighterCloseCalls.com January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 8

The Problem November 25, 2008 8:20am High Point, NC Firefighter struck while exiting vehicle at highway accident scene Driver who struck firefighter charged with Failure to Move Over Courtesy of FirefighterCloseCalls.com January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 9

The Problem November 30, 2008, 1:40pm DeBusk, TN Firefighter struck by vehicle while directing traffic at an accident scene Driver who struck firefighter said “he didn’t see him (the firefighter)” Injured firefighter had just pushed another firefighter to safety before being struck Firefighter was wearing proper PPE, including vest Courtesy of FirefighterCloseCalls.com January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 10

The Problem December 17, 2008, 12:00pm Haugen, Montana Firefighter killed while directing traffic A Firefighter was killed when a semi crashed into his vehicle while he was managing/warning traffic for a separate wreck on I-90. The firefighter was in his POV in the outside westbound lane of I-90 with his emergency lights on, directing/warning traffic around the corner from the first crash. An approaching FedEx semi with two trailers tried to slow and move but couldn't because of other traffic in the vicinity...while trying to brake, the truck slid and jackknifed on the slippery snow-covered road, and both trailers collided with his pickup, partially ejecting him from the vehicle. January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 11

The Problem Approximately 200 roadside workers killed annually Approximately 800 motorists killed annually Thousands more injured Not limited to firefighters 1996 - 2006 52 firefighters killed in “struck-by” incidents Courtesy National Traffic Incident Management Coalition January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 12

Causes Lack of training Lack of situational awareness Failure to establish a proper Temporary Traffic Control zone Improper positioning of apparatus Inappropriate use of scene lighting January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 13

Causes Failure to use PPE and high-visibility apparel and safety equipment Careless, inattentive, or impaired drivers Reduced vision driving conditions Altered traffic patterns January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 14

Civilian Drivers Accustomed to clear unobstructed roadways May not recognize and avoid Closed lanes Workers on or near roadway Emergency vehicles on or near roadway May be driving while impaired May be deliberately targeting responders January, 2009 January, 2009 The Need The Need 15

The Law Laws, Regulations, and Standards covering traffic control at emergency scenes

Sources Federal Law NFPA Title 23, CFR – Highways Federal Highway Administration MUTCD Title 49, CFR – Transportation Hazardous Materials NFPA NFPA 1500 NFPA 1901 January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 17

Sources State Law ANSI O.C.G.A. 107 Standard 207 Standard January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 18

MUTCD Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 2003 ed. Part 6 – Temporary Traffic Control Chapter 6I - Control of Traffic Through Traffic Incident Management Areas 6I.02 - Major Traffic Incidents 6I.03 - Intermediate Traffic Incidents 6I.04 - Minor Traffic Incidents 6I.05 - Use of Emergency Vehicle Lighting January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 19

Federal Law Title 23 CFR Part 634 - Worker Visibility 634.2 Worker means people on foot whose duties place them within the right-of-way of a Federal aid highway, such as highway construction and maintenance forces, survey crews, utility crews, responders to incidents within the highway right-of-way, and law enforcement personnel when directing traffic, investigating crashes, and handling lane closures, obstructed roadways, and disasters within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway. January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 20

Federal Law Title 23 CFR Part 634 - Worker Visibility 634.3 All workers within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to construction equipment within the work area shall wear high-visibility safety apparel. Firefighters are exempt when directly involved in activities such as fire suppression or hazardous materials response, but high-visibility apparel must be put on when these activities are concluded. (Amended Nov 21, 2008) January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 21

NFPA 1500 – Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 2007 ed. Chapter 8.7 - Traffic Incidents 8.7.1 – Appropriate measures taken to protect members 8.7.2 – SOPs for operations involving traffic incidents 8.7.4 – Apparatus positioned to protect members 8.7.5 – Warning devices used for oncoming traffic 8.7.6 – Warning device placement sensitive to conditions January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 22

NFPA 1500 – Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 2007 ed. Chapter 8.7 - Traffic Incidents 8.7.7 – First unit addresses traffic issues 8.7.8 – Members and victims in secure area 8.7.9 – Unneeded vehicles parked off roadway 8.7.10 – Members wear garments with visible materials 8.7.11 – Members trained in traffic control January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 23

NFPA 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2009 ed. Chapter 5 - Pumper Fire Apparatus 5.8.3 (18) - One traffic vest for each seating position, each vest to comply with ANSI/ISEA 207, Standard for High Visibility Public Safety Vests, and have a five point breakaway feature that includes two at the shoulders, two at the sides and one at the front. January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 24

NFPA 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2009 ed. Chapter 5 - Pumper Fire Apparatus 5.8.3 (19) - Five fluorescent orange traffic cones not less than 28 in. in height, each equipped with a 6 in. retro-reflective white band no more than 4 in. from the top of the cone, and an additional 4 in. retro-reflective white band 2 in. below the 6 in. band. January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 25

NFPA 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2009 ed. Chapter 5 - Pumper Fire Apparatus 5.8.3 (20) - Five illuminated warning devices such as highway flares, unless the five fluorescent orange traffic cones have illuminating capabilities January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 26

NFPA 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2009 ed. Chapter 15 – Body, Compartments, and Equipment Mounting 15.9.3 - Reflective Striping 15.9.3.2 - At least of 50% of the rear vertical surfaces of the apparatus, visible from the rear of the apparatus, excluding any pump panel areas not covered by a door, shall be equipped with retro-reflective striping in a chevron pattern sloping downward and away from the centerline of the vehicle at an angle of 45 degrees. January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 27

NFPA 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2009 ed. Chapter 15 – Body, Compartments, and Equipment Mounting 15.9.3 - Reflective Striping 15.9.3.2.1 – Each stripe in the chevron shall be a single color alternating between red and either yellow, fluorescent yellow, or fluorescent yellow-green 15.9.3.2.2 – Each stripe shall be 6 inches (150MM) in width January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 28

Georgia Move Over Law O.C.G.A. 40-6-16 Procedure for passing stationary authorized emergency vehicles, stationary towing or recovery vehicles, or stationary highway maintenance vehicles Drivers are required to: Change lanes away from the stopped vehicles if possible, or Slow down to speed reasonable for conditions and below posted speed limit and also be prepared to stop Up to $500 fine January, 2009 January, 2009 The Law The Law 29

Describing the parts of a scene Terminology Describing the parts of a scene

Terminology and Safety TTC Temporary Traffic Control Move road users past or around incident in a safe and expeditious manner Reduce likelihood of secondary traffic collisions Preclude unnecessary use of surrounding local road system January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety TIMA Traffic Incident Management Area That part of the roadway where TTC measures are imposed by authorized officials in response to a traffic incident Begins at the first warning device Ends at the last TTC point January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Incident Types Minor Incidents Up to 30 minutes in length Intermediate Incidents 30 minutes to 2 hours Major Incidents Longer than 2 hours January, 2009 January, 2009 Terminology and Safety 33

Terminology and Safety Minor Incidents Typically small incidents Non injury accidents with minimal damage to vehicles Disabled vehicles Traffic stops Most common responders on scene Police Tow Operators January, 2009 January, 2009 Terminology and Safety 34

Intermediate Incidents Longer duration than Minor Incidents May involve multiple vehicles with minor injuries Minimal extrication times May involve road blockage January, 2009 January, 2009 Terminology and Safety 35

Terminology and Safety Major Incidents Very long duration incidents Accidents with fatalities Accidents involving multiple vehicles Accidents with long extrication times Accidents involving hazardous materials January, 2009 January, 2009 Terminology and Safety 36

Terminology and Safety Incident Scene Consists of 4 parts Advance Warning Area Transitional Area Activity Area Buffer Space Incident Space Termination Area January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Incident Scene Termination Area Activity Area Incident Space Buffer Space Transitional Area Advance Warning Area January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Other Terms Taper – Narrowing of the driving pathway Size dependent on posted speed limit Blocking – The positioning of apparatus to create a safe work zone Shadow – The area protected by apparatus parked in a blocking position January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Other Terms Shadow Blocking Taper January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Considerations for safety measures at a scene

Terminology and Safety Warning Signs Fluorescent Pink Black Writing “Emergency Scene Ahead” 36” x 36” or 48” x 48” in size 36” used on roads with low to moderate speeds 48” used on roads with higher speeds and freeways Use of larger sign covers all possible incidents Use mandated by MUTCD and NFPA 1500 January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Warning Signs

Terminology and Safety Cones Most common barrier device Two sizes based on speed of road 18” - used in daytime and on low speed roadways (≤ 40mph) 28” - used at night and on high speed roadways (≥ 45mph) Cones used at night also need reflective trim Should have capability of being illuminated for night time operations January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Flaggers Personnel trained in traffic control Training mandated by MUTCD and NFPA 1500 If personnel are used to direct traffic If used, must be located so approaching drivers can react safely and appropriately Must be dressed in proper protective equipment January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Vests Use mandated by Federal Law and NFPA standards Must meet ANSI Class II standards Either 107-2004 or 207-2006 standards Bunker gear meets reflectivity standards of ANSI 107, but not color standards January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Vests – Class I

Vests – Class II

Vests – Class III

Terminology and Safety Vests vs. Turnouts January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Mitigation Preplanning Create and enforce SOP’s/SOG’s Response to scene Incident Command structure Safety equipment Vests Training To the preplan To the SOP/SOG January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Preplanning Response Include Everyone EMS, SO, GSP, Fire, DOT Ensure process and format for plan is agreed upon before beginning Make sure final plan is easy to understand Share the plan Train to the plan January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

Terminology and Safety Preplanning Response Know what everyone else is supposed to do Exercise the plan Review the plan Modify as needed, then repeat previous steps January, 2009 Terminology and Safety

The Scene Setting up the TTC Zone

Establishing the Scene Establish Command Fire has command during rescue, hazmat, and fire operations EMS has command of patient Law Enforcement has command after rescue, fire and patient issues are mitigated Ensure responder safety Proper placement of apparatus and signage January, 2009 The Scene

Establishing the Work Area Apparatus Placement Park in a manner that reduces the chance of being struck by oncoming traffic Park in a manner that shields responders and the operational work area from being exposed to oncoming traffic Park in a manner that allow effective deployment of equipment and resources to handle the incident January, 2009 January, 2009 The Scene The Scene 56

Establishing the Work Area Operations on Surface Streets Park off the street when possible Close the street completely, if necessary Do not block access to later arriving apparatus Create a blocking position if street can’t be closed NEVER park on railroad tracks Position pump panel in shadow area, if possible January, 2009 The Scene

Expanding the Work Area Required if incident is Intermediate or greater TIMA distances Higher speeds = Longer distance Speed 2nd Warning Sign (B) 1st Warning Sign (A) Transition Taper Area Buffer Space Work Space Termination Taper Area 30 mph 100 350 70 625 As Needed 100 feet per lane 40 mph 125 825 50 mph 500 375 1000 60 mph 1500 450 1300 70 mph 525 1450 January, 2009 The Scene

Example of Distances Speed – 30 mph Termination Taper – 100 feet Work Space – As Needed Buffer Space – 625 Feet Transition Taper – 70 feet Sign A – 100 feet Sign B – 100 feet January, 2009 The Scene

Example of Placement January, 2009 The Scene

Scene Lighting Use minimum amount of lighting necessary If possible, turn off headlights unless being used for scene lighting Turn off unnecessary warning lights If possible, replace warning lights on rear of apparatus with amber lenses instead of red January, 2009 The Scene

Responder POV Parking Drive past the scene before parking Park completely off the road in termination taper area Turn off all lights except hazard lights DO NOT block emergency lighting on apparatus already on scene DO NOT park in such a way as to block egress of apparatus January, 2009 The Scene

Any Questions?