Review Questions Byzantine Empire thru Meso-America
Why did the Western Roman Empire decline? *Name at least one reason*
Size – it was too big to run Military – no longer loyal to Rome Moral decay Civil wars weakened Rome Invasions
Constantine’s important for?
Legalized Christianity and moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople
Capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
Geographical advantages to Constantinople?
Easily protected, away from Germanic invasions, crossroads of trade, close to Silk Road, and great harbor
Great Byzantine Emperor?
Justinian
At least one ccomplishment made by Justinian?
Reconquered former Roman territories, code of laws (Justinian’s Code), and expanded trade
Religious images (used by Byzantine empire)
Icon
Language spoken by most people of the Byzantine Empire?
Greek
Great Byzantine domed Church?
Hagia Sophia
Religious division or split of the Eastern and Western churches?
Great Schism
What factors caused the schism between the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine Church (Orthodox)?
Language (Latin v. Greek), celibacy (yes v. no), icon controversy, pope v. patriarch
Missionary who spread Christianity to eastern Europe and developed an alphabet?
Cyril
Where did Islam begin?
Arabian Peninsula, Mecca, and Medina
Who is the prophet of Islam?
Muhammad
What is the Islamic holy book?
Quran/Koran
What are the duties of Muslims?
Five Pillars
What caused the Sunni-Shi’a Islamic Divide?
Debate over who was the successor to Muhammad
The west African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai traded what?
Gold and salt
Language of Muslims?
Arabic
Muslims were defeated here preventing the spread of Islam into Europe?
Battle of Tours
Muslim contributions?
Mosaics, Arabic, number system including zero, algebra, medicine, and geography
Land given to a vassal in exchange for loyalty?
Fief
Political and military system in which nobles entered arrangements with other lords in exchange for protection?
Feudalism
Manors were expected to be able to meet all needs meaning they were?
Self-sufficient
Peasants during feudal times that were bound to the land?
Serfs
In exchange for a fief these people offer protection to their lord and to serve him?
Vassal
Great Frankish king who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor?
Charlemagne
Frankish king who revived Roman culture, stressed education, expanded his empire through most of western Europe?
Charlemagne
Ethnic religion of ancient Japan? Believes in Kami?
Shinto
City in west Africa that served as the foundation for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt?
Timbuktu
African civilization located on the Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers?
Zimbabwe
Religion of west African kingdoms?
Islam
What was the name of the Christian African kingdom?
Axum
Civilization located in the Mexican and Central American rainforest (including the Yucatan peninsula)?
Maya
Civilization located in central Mexico?
Aztec
Capital of Aztec?
Tenochtitlan
Achievements made by the Maya, Aztecs, and Incan?
Calendar, mathematics, and writing
Which civilization was located in South America in the Andes Mountains?
Incas
Name the capital and important city of the Incas?
Capital – Cuzco Important city – Machu Picchu