批判性阅读视角下的 初中英语阅读题型的设题 批 判性阅读视角下的 初 中英语阅读题型的设题

说题流程 1. 文本的解读和加工 2. 命题的原理和思路 4. 本人的收获和反思 3. 样本的抽测和分析

前期准备 1 、 2015 年嘉兴英语中考说明 2 、新课程标准 3 、阅读理解出题原则或要求 4 、干扰项出题原则或要求 5 、近几年嘉兴中考阅读理解题

Life is meant to be lived. No excuses. No reservations. No holding back. An enchanting story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a collector. He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence?” Permission was granted and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a piece of quality music, so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in wonderment. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” William Arthur Ward said, “If you believe in prayer, pray; if you believe in serving, serve; if you believe in giving, give.” For you and I are exquisite violins — our music is meant to be heard. I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. I’m not talking about wearing ourselves out on over-activity. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. （字数 327 ） 文本的解读

1 、删减、补充、替换、扩展、调整 2 、校对 ( 单词、语法、标点、意思的一致性等 ) 超考纲范围单词的处理 1 、不作任何改变 2 、替换 3 、删除 4 、中文注释 材料的加工

Life is meant to be lived. No excuses. No reservations. No holding back. An enchanting story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a collector. He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence?” Permission was granted and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a piece of quality music, so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in wonderment. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” William Arthur Ward said, “If you believe in prayer, pray; if you believe in serving, serve; if you believe in giving, give.” For you and I are exquisite violins — our music is meant to be heard. I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. I’m not talking about wearing ourselves out on over-activity. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. （字数 327 ） 材料的加工 1 、删减、补充、替换、扩展、调整 2 、校对 ( 单词、语法、标点、意思的一致 性等 ) 1. 调整 What is Happiness? Para3 ： May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence. to be a silent vase （扩展） Para5 ： Our music is meant to be heard. should be

Life is meant to be lived. No excuses. No reservations. No holding back. An enchanting story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a collector. He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence?” Permission was granted and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a piece of quality music, so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in wonderment. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” William Arthur Ward said, “If you believe in prayer, pray; if you believe in serving, serve; if you believe in giving, give.” For you and I are exquisite violins — our music is meant to be heard. I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. I’m not talking about wearing ourselves out on over-activity. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. （字数 327 ） 2. 替换 Para2. ---when he finally came across a beautiful violin--- happened to find Para3 ： But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions. his most valuable collections Para4 ： 1.Permission was granted--- After thinking a while, he agreed （扩展） 2.The violin sang out a piece of quality music --- sounded （删除） 3.The collector himself could only listen in wonderment--- lost himself into it

Life is meant to be lived. No excuses. No reservations. No holding back. An enchanting story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a collector. He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence?” Permission was granted and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a piece of quality music, so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in wonderment. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” William Arthur Ward said, “If you believe in prayer, pray; if you believe in serving, serve; if you believe in giving, give.” For you and I are exquisite violins — our music is meant to be heard. I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. I’m not talking about wearing ourselves out on over-activity. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization ， and spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. （字数 327 ） 2. 删除

删除 Life is meant to be lived. No excuses. No reservations. No holding back. An enchanting story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a collector. He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is consigned to silence?” Permission was granted and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a piece of quality music, so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in wonderment. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” William Arthur Ward said, “If you believe in prayer, pray; if you believe in serving, serve; if you believe in giving, give.” For you and I are exquisite violins — our music is meant to be heard. I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. I’m not talking about wearing ourselves out on over-activity. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. （字数 327 ） 替换 get 替换 the finest 替换 overmuch 替换 actions to others 中文注释 祈祷 不作改变 超考纲范围单词的处理 1 、不作任何改变 2 、替换 3 、删除 4 、中文注释

“ 阅读的过程是读者与文本及其作者进行 对话和沟通的过程。有效的阅读体验能 激发读者的阅读兴趣，提高读者的阅读 能力，提升读者的思维品质，并使读者 在阅读过程中感受语言的魅力。 ” --- 傅咏梅， 2014

根据《浙江省初中毕业学业考试说明》，对于阅读 理解, 学生需掌握如下能力： 1. 能读懂相应水平的，生词量不超过 3% 的常见体裁 的读物 2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系 3. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义 4. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事情节，预测故事 情节的发展和可能的结局 5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取 信息 命题原理

命题思路 1. 话题层面 --- 梳理信息，拓展思维 推理判断题 2. 体裁层面 --- 归纳结构，明确目标 主旨大意题 3. 语言层面 --- 习得语言，内化输出 词义猜测题 细节理解题

细节理解题 1. In Fritz Kreisler’s opinion, how would the collector do with the violin? A. leave it alone like a vase B. sell it in high price C. show off to his relatives D. practice playing the violin when he was free 难度系数： b 设计意图：考查考生对事件、时间、地点、人物 关系等细节的理解程度，快速捕捉细节以及多 点归纳的能力。 Para.3 He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin. But the collector said it was one of his most valuable collections. and he could not let it go. The disappointed Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favour. “May I play the instrument once more before it is to be a silent vase?” √

推理判断题 2. Why did the collector send the violin to Fritz Kreisler? A. Because the violinist wanted to play it once more B. Because the collector had no right to play it C. Because the violinist played so beautifully that the collector lost himself into it D. Because the collector realized only Fritz Kreisler could bring happiness to the people around the world with the violin 难度系数： c 设计意图：考查考生对文章内涵的推理判断能力。 Para.4 After thinking a while, he agreed and the great musician began to play. The violin sounded so beautiful that the collector lost himself into it. “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into world, and let people hear it.” √

词义推测题 3. The word in the blank may probably be ________. A. carefully B. slowly C. fully D. fast 难度系数： b 设计意图：考查考生对词组和句意的理解。 Para.6 I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it________. I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I can. √

主旨大意题 4. In the writer’s heart, happiness is ________. A. to have a ability to play the violin well B. to take the music into world and let all the people hear it C. to do whatever you can and make your life busy D. to help others when asked for a hand 难度系数： c 设计意图：旨在考查考生把握全文主题大意和中心思 想的能力，考查内容包括作者的写作目的，文章的 中心思想等内容也包括分析、归纳文章段落大意、 重要情节、人物特征以及环境特点等能力。 Para.6/7/8 √ Happiness is never found in overmuch busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand.

1. 按照文章顺序由易到难，层层深入 2. 干扰项与文章匹配 3. 注意文章体裁 4. 题目能引导学生更好地深入解读文本， 探究深层次的问题 5. 引导学生学会对语言表述的赏析 6. 学会运用一定的阅读策略 7. 情感渗透 启示一二 阅读题型的设题应从话题、体裁、语言三个层面入手， 似乎与阅读课的设计异曲同工，我觉得它其实就是阅 读课的缩影

样本分析 修改前修改后 题号正确数题号正确数 样本参数：初三学生 40 人

心路历程 一点疑惑： vase 可否生词替换生词？