Food and Agriculture Organization 1 Action to Unlock Commercial Fibre Potential Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Held in Conjunction with the Intergovernmental Group on Hard Fibers and the Intergovernmental Group on Jute Kenaf and Allied Fibers Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, November 15, 2011

2 College of Agricultural Sciences Campus of Botucatu Brazil Coordinator: Prof. Alcides Lopes Leão 55(14) BRAZIL

NATURAL FIBERS FOR COMPOSITES APPLICATIONS

Proverbs “Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they manage, and those who manage what they do not understand” Putt’s Law We must fully understand the composites equation (matrix/reinforcements/load )

Opportunities for Natural Fibers Short Fibers Long Fibers Intercropping By-products Residues Field Waste Industrial Waste 5

Base Bio vs. Base Fossil 6

Triangulo de Campbell NF Must be Sustainable

9 United States: The Revis family of North Carolina Food Expenditure for 1 week ≈ $342

10 Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo Food Expenditure for 1 week ≈ $68.50

11 Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo Food Expenditure for 1 week ≈ $31.55

12 Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp Food Expenditure for 1 week ≈ $1.23

NOT Competing with Food Preventing rural exodus Using local labour forces Environmentally sound PROFITABLE for the growers as well as for the industry Biogenics versus Non-biogenics Green Product / Green Process Ecomenia (ecological + profitable)

CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBRES NATURAL FIBRES PLANT BAST Flax (Linum Usitatissimum) Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) Jute (Corchorus Capsularis) Ramie (Boechmeria Nivea) Isora (Helicteres Isora) LEAF Ananas (Ananas Bracteatus) Sisal (Agave Sisalana) Abaca (Musa Textilis Nee) Curaua (Ananas Erectifolius) Cabuya (Furcraea Andina) Palm African Palm Chambira (Astrocaryum Chambira) Opuntia (Opuntia Galapagos) Paja (Carludovica Palmata) Jukka (Yucca L) SEEDS Cotton (Gossypium) Coir (Cocos Nucifera) Kapok (Ceiba Pentandra) Soya (Glycine) Poplar (Populus Tremula) Calotropis (Calotropis Procera) FRUIT Coir (Cocos Nucifera) Luffa (Luffa Aegyptiaca) GRASS Bamboo (Bambusa Shreb.) Totora (Scirpus Californicus) WOOD hardwood softwood ANIMAL WOOLS AND HAIR Sheep (Ovis Aries) Alpaca (Lama Pacos) Camel (Camelus Bactrianus) Goat (Genus Capra) Horse (Equus Caballus) Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Vicuna (Lama Vicugna) SILK Natural (Bombyx Mori L) Spider Silk (Araneus Diadematus) MINERAL Asbestos Glass Mineral Wool Basalt Ceramic Aluminium Borate Silicate Carbon

Natural Fibers: Taboa (Typha domingensis) Sisal Jute Fique Abaca Pineapple Curaua Banana Coir Pulp & Paper sludge Peanut shells and Rice Husk 15 Newcomers: Piaçava Imbira Caroá

Totora – Huros at Lake Titicaca

Big Cat footstep nearby a curaua plantation Curaua fruits where are extracted seeds for in vitro reproduction

18 Curaua in Consortium with Eucalyptus 18

Chemical Composition of Some Vegetable Fibres

Main physical properties of cellulose based fibres compared with conventional synthetic fibres

Fibers Composition ItemTaboaCurauaPineappleBananaCoir Extractives Hot Water (%) Lignin Klason (%) Holocellulose (%) Cellulose (%) Ashes (%)

Scientific and Technological Research? SciFnder Important: Proprietary Technology Make available for LDC countries

Natural Fibers in Science First publication word: 1892 Natural Fibers: 8945 articles and books Natural Fibers Composites: 980 Biobased Composites: 94 Nanocellulose: 29 Patents: 4,400 So, reinventing the wheel? No: Aiming the State of the art!!!!!!!! 23

Challenges Against NF Mand made materials Low technology image Campbell Triangle Wood cellulose Pulp and Paper residues Biofuel LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) Funding for R&D, (CNPq, FINEP and FAPESP) People awareness (< 2%... Trex Corp.) Social, Political and Economical Unrest Subsidies and xenophoby

Itens Importance (Trex, 2011) 25

Introduction  Global natural fiber composites market reached $2.1B in 2010, with compound annual growth rate of 15% in last five years  Automotive & Construction were largest segment among all natural fiber composite applications  Bast fiber such as flax, Kenaf, hemp, etc. were the material of choice for automotive, whereas wood plastic composite was most preferred by building and construction players 26

Introduction  By 2016, natural fiber composite market expected to reach $ 3.8B (10% CAGR)  Rising prices of petroleum based products, strong government support to eco-friendly products, higher acceptance and positive growth of end use industries, new housing numbers will drive natural fiber composites growth to new horizon  Performance improvement in materials will drive growth for natural fiber composites in new application areas 27

Evolution of Natural Fiber Composites

External Forces Shaping the Natural Fiber Composites Industry

Growth Opportunities of Natural Fiber Composites