Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 1 Renewable energy – development and share in energy balances of Central-East Europe Bioenergy perspectives Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 2 General assumptions of the presentation  Focus on biomass and new Member States  Focus on biomass feedstock, not bioenergy technologies  Focus on enlargement processes - bioenergy challenges and opportunities  Strenth and weekness of bioenergy

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 3 Background – the role of bioenergy in the EU Biogas Residuals from agriculture and forestry Energy crops Hydropower Wind energy Solar thermal collectors PhotovoltaicsGeothermal Most of the additional RES contribution (>107 Mtoe) will be supplied by biomass ! EU White Paper on RES – Additional contribution of RES,

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 4 Structure of primary energy consumption in 2002 Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 5 Renewable energy share in TPES, in 2001 [%] COUNTRYRES (incl. LH)BIOMASS Czech Rep.2,42 Estonia11 Hungary2,12 Latvia3630 Lithuania8,48 Poland5,45 Slovak Rep.42 Slovenia127 REGION75 Source: IEA 2003

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 6 Structure of RES use in 2001 [PJ] Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 7 Dynamic of bioenergy capacity in Poland Straw DH plants > 5MW Wood DH plants > 5MW

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 8 Land use Source: FAOSTAT, 2002 & TBFRA, 2000

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 9 Residue biomass

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 10 Dedicated energy crops

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 11 Energy crops potential Based on set-aside and fallow land and av. enery crops yield 7-8 t DM/ha*yr Based on FAO 2002

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 12 Opportunities for energy crops Source: FAO 2002; D. Reiche 2003

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 13 RES-E targets for 2010 EU Directive 2001/77/EC 20

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 14 Biofuels for transport trends & targets Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2002 Eibensteiner & Riedler OEG, 2000

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 15 District heating 2001 [PJ] Source: Heat from Renewable Energy Sources; HKV B.V. / EC DG ENV;

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 16 Strength of bioenergy  Huge and unexploited bio-resources availability at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)  Current surplus of agricultural production » opportunities for energy crops production  Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production: coal and biomass co-firing  Improvement of policy and legal framework driven by the EU regulations  Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 17 Weakness for bioenergy  Infant bio-energy industry; little capacity and experiences with more advanced technologies (for bio-electricity and biofuels)  Fossil fuels still subsidised, overcapacity of the existing power systems;  Risk associated with land competition (food or energy) and uncertain pattern of agricultural production and future food demand (protein diet or vegetarian)  Limited own financial resources and weak technical infrastructure for large scale bio-energy production

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 18 Bioenergy after EU enlargement  Cheaper implementation of EU directives on green electricity, biofuels and green heat (?) and Kioto targets  Development of European solid and liquid biofuels market and international trade in the region  Opportunities for bio-energy technologies transfer and innovation  Bio-resources + advanced bio-energy technology = lower energy import dependency, both in NMS and EU15  Sustainable approach to bio-resources production, both from forestry and agriculture is essential for ACC;

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 19 Thank you Ewa Gańko:

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 20 Utilisation of RES in Poland ‘2002 (by EC BREC) Source Capacity (MW) Electricity Production (GWh) Heat production (TJ) Total energy production (TJ) Contribution to total energy production Biomass ~ Solar Geothermal + heat pumps Wind Hydro (small plants <5 MW) 524 (185)2276 (698)-8192 (2511)7.3 (2.2) Total ~ *Biomass – 98% of total production of renewable energy (large hydro-electric power plants not included)

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe 21 Capacity increase of RES in Poland in RES installationCapacity in MW in 1999 Capacity in MW in 2002 Capacity increase in MW Growth rate in %/year Wood-fired heating plants Straw-fired heating plants Biomass-fired boilers Town biogas plants Landfill gas plants Solar collectors Geothermal energy Wind energy Small hydro-electric plants Total Average: 15 Capacity increase in wood-fired installations at small consumers and in industry is unknown.