Wordplay and Witticism Adapted from presentation by Mrs. Wheeler AP English and Composition East Chapel Hill High School

Wordplay Literary technique and form of wit in which the words that are used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement

Witticism Cleverly witty and often biting or ironic remark

Pun [puhn] noun 1. the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words. wordsound 2. the word or phrase used in this way. verb (used without object), punned, pun·ning. 3. to make puns.

Double Entendre [duhb-uhl ahn-tahn-druh; French doo-blahn-tahn-druh] noun 1. a double meaning. 2. a word or expression used in a given context so that it can be understood in two ways, especially when one meaning is risqué.wordexpression

Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Homophones – words that have the same pronunciation but differ in meaning; may or may not have the same form Homographs – words that have the same form but differ in meaning; do not necessarily have the same pronunciation (True) Homonyms – words that have the same form and pronunciation but different (and often unrelated meanings) Homonyms may also have the same form but different meanings (pronounced differently)

CategoryDefinitionExamples (True) HomonymsSame spelling, same pronunciation bank/bank, bark/bark, change/change, tie/tie, yard/yard HomonymsSame spelling, different pronunciation Read/read, bow/bow HomophonesSpelling may or may not be the same, same pronunciation Bare/bear, carat/carrot, two/to/too, do/due, beau/bow, sow/sew/so HomographsSame spelling, may or may not have same pronunciation bear/bear (also homophone), sow/sow Note: Homographs may also be homonyms

Homonyms Same spelling but different meanings

Homophone Same pronunciation, may or may not be the same spelling

Homograph Same spelling, may or may not have same pronunciation

The Dandy and Victorian Dandyism Adapted from presentation by Ms. Wheeler AP English and Composition East Chapel Hill High School

What is a Dandy? Beau or gallant Way of life, persona, brand Traditionally male Placed importance on physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies Self-made Often were members of the middle class who were attempting to live an aristocratic lifestyle Many suffered bankruptcy Later associated with aesthetics Sometimes considered “over-the- top”

19 th Century Example: Oscar Wilde

20 th Century Example: Andy Warhol

21 st Century Example: Kanye West

Dandizettes: The Female Dandy Shared physical characteristics with male dandies, such as beautiful dress and refined speech Lacked the grace and charm of traditional Victorian females