SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY Founding Director and Professor Emeritus INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA www.iflr.msu.edu vhegarty@msu.edu TGDF FOOD CONGRESS 2013, Antalya, Turkey

MAIN POINTS SAFE FOOD - BETTER BUSINESS Food Standards Agency (UK) www.food.gov.uk GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITIES, CONSUMERS ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY TURKEY’S FOOD EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND TO THE USA FDA and FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act, 2011) TURKEY and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

IS OUR FOOD SAFE?

FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS GOVERNMENT Create/Monitor CONSUMERS FOOD INDUSTRY Implement UNIVERSITIES Analyze/Educate

CREATING FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS GOOD SCIENCE – GOOD FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS US EXAMPLE: Food safety laws (e.g. FSMA) drafted by relevant government agencies with input from ALL interested parties --- industry, consumers, etc. ALL stages of development of the law are published in Federal Register www.federalregister.gov with requested inputs from ALL parties Finished law sent to US Congress for approval vote. If approved, sent to US President for signature. Relevant government agencies then apply the law ALL resulting regulations, rules, guidelines etc. are developed by US government agencies with input from ALL interested parties -------------------------------------------------- Draft: A Guide to Developing and Updating Food Laws and Regulations. www.emro.who.int

IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS US EXAMPLE: FDA (Food and Drug Administration) www.fda.gov --- safety and labeling of most foods, dietary supplements, bottled water USDA (US Department of Agriculture) www.usda.gov --- safety of meat, poultry and certain egg products EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) www.epa.gov --- pesticides, non-bottled water CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) www.cdc.gov --- investigates local and nationwide outbreaks of foodborne illness --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Direct access to important food safety laws, e.g. Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/default.htm

EU: RASFF NOTIFICATIONS http://ec. europa 2010 2011 2012 China 450 561 540 India 251 336 338 TURKEY 255 319 310 Germany 156 152 103 USA 160 113 127 Spain 138 129 126 Italy 121 116 112 Thailand 131 95 120 France 116 122 90 Brazil 102 94 109

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/ir_search_en.pdf 2013 (6684) Pesticides (6292) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts, dried figs (6544) Fishery products (6575) Milk (8887) Fishery products (6029) Pesticides 2011 (8863) Contaminants --- Live animals and animal products (8583) Pesticides 2009 (8381) Plant health --- Synchytrium endobioticum

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued: 2009 (8251) Animal health --- poultry meat products 2009 (8165) Pesticides (7878) Milk and milk-based products 2008 (7644) Fishery products (7858) Mycotoxin contamination (7385) Animal/Public health General (7323) Residues and contaminants (7200) Pesticides 2007 (7356) Poultry, poultry meat, poultry meat products

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued: (8199) Milk and milk-based products --- casings 2006 (8101) Mycotoxin contamination (7502) Residues & contaminants: Live animals & animal products (7077) Pesticides (9130) Poultry 2003 (9105) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts and dried figs (9114) Food irradiation facility 25 inspections 2003 – 2013; 6 pesticide inspections; 4 aflatoxin/mycotoxin; 3 fishery products

EU: BORDER REJECTIONS (2012) http://ec. europa 425 MYCOTOXINS 320 PESTICIDE RESIDUES 159 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS 144 POOR OR INSUFFICIENT CONTROLS 108 HEAVY METALS 74 ADULTERATION / FRAUD 61 FOREIGN BODIES 60 COMPOSITION 59 FOOD ADDITIVES and FLAVOURINGS 51 MIGRATION 50 NON-PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS 17 LABELLING

FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEY www. accessdata. fda FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEY www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/importrefusals 09/2013 Roasted garbanzos Unsafe color, Yellow #5 08/2013 Grape leaves, stuffed Pesticide 08/2013 Spaghetti Misbranding, Nutrition label 07/2013 Fresh trout fillet Filthy 07/2013 Organic raisins Filthy 07/2013 Pomegranate juice Misbranding, Adulteration 07/2013 Ground oregano Filthy 06/2013 Black olives No process

FDA: IMPORT VIOLATIONS BY FOOD PRODUCT www.fda.gov 16% Seafood 15% Vegetables 9% Fruits 8% Spices, Flavors, Salts 8% Non-chocolate Candy 8% Bakery Products 4% Multi-food Dinners 4% Soft-drinks and Water 4% Chocolate and Cocoa

“ENSURING SAFE FOODS AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS THROUGH STRONGER REGULATORY SYSTEMS ABROAD” Institute of Medicine, 2012 www.iom.edu “Food safety in the United States depends on systems in faraway places …. The FDA cannot do its job well without substantive improvements in the capacity of its counterpart agencies in emerging economies.” US FOOD IMPORTS: $41 billion (1998) $78 billion (2007) Approx 16% of all food eaten in the US is imported --- from 200 countries and over 250,000 foreign companies 15% fruits 20% vegetables 80% seafood is IMPORTED

FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011) www. fda FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011) www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm315486.htm#food_imports 2011: 10,439,236 Total food import lines in 2011 2.3% or 243,400 Food import lines physically examined ALL imports are screened using an automated system Import examination costs: ~$170 per field exam ~$2,800 per sample analyzed

FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA) www. fda FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA) www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/ucm265430.pdf FOOD IMPORTS: Importer accountability Third party certification Certification for high risk foods Voluntary qualified importer program Authority to deny entry

TOP 10 REASONS TO ACT NOW ON FSMA COMPLIANCE 1) Prevention vs. Reaction 2) New rules are detailed --- know them NOW 3) Multiple rule compliance 4) Training 5) Return on investment 6) Improve food safety 7) Brand protection 8) Move towards or maintain certification to a GFSI-benchmarked scheme 9) Best practices for continuous improvement 10) Just do it http://achesongroup.com/2013/10/top-10-reasons-act-now-FSMA-compliance

TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE www. codexalimentarius TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE www.codexalimentarius.org/meetings-reports/en CCFH CCCF CCFA CCPR CCFL CCFICS CCFFV NO YES NO NO YES NO NO 2012 YES YES NO NO NO NO 2011 NO YES NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO NO NO NO YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO NO NO YES NO NO YES NO YES FH = Food Hygiene; CCCF = Contaminants; FA = Additives; PR = Pesticides; FL = Labelling; FICS = Food Import/Export; FFV = Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

No, those aren’t my diplomas. Nature Biotechnology,Vol. 17, May 1999 No, those aren’t my diplomas.

EU CONSUMERS --- COUNTRIES DIFFER IN BUYING GM FOODS Euroborometer 58.0 “Europeans and Biotechnology in 2002” http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/ebs_177_en.pdf

Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award Codex Alimentarius * OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health * IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention) United States * European Union * Canada * Latin America * Middle East * Asia * International Food Laws Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award All courses

THANK YOU TESEKKUR EDERIM GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH