Data Buoys: a Cornerstone System of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems Mike Johnson Director, NOAA Office of Climate Observation JCOMM Observations Programme Area Coordinator 16 October 2006

NOAA’s Mission Goals Ecosystems Climate Weather & Water Commerce & Transportation 1) Ocean observations are critical to NOAA’s mission

2) International cooperation is crucial to our success. NOAA is committed to strengthening partnerships. Indonesia partnership with USA: Capacity Building Workshop (sponsored by WMO): “The Use of Ocean Observations to Enhance Sustainable Development” in exchange for ship support to deploy moored buoys in the Indian Ocean

3) Ocean observations add value to society GOOS GEOSS Societal Benefits

Capabilities Required to build the Ocean component of GEOSS: Global coverage by moored and drifting buoy arrays, profiling floats, tide gauge stations, and ship-based systems.Global coverage by moored and drifting buoy arrays, profiling floats, tide gauge stations, and ship-based systems. Continuous satellite missions for sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface vector wind, ocean color, and sea ice.Continuous satellite missions for sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface vector wind, ocean color, and sea ice. Data and assimilation subsystemsData and assimilation subsystems System management and product deliverySystem management and product delivery

Observations Programme Area Objective Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92: International GOOS GEOSS Ocean Baseline UNFCCC Priority G8 Commitment The Road Map

Tide gauge stations Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys Profiling Floats Ships of Opportunity Ocean Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Networks Arctic Observing System Dedicated Ship Support Data & Assimilation Subsystems Management and Product Delivery Satellites -- SST, Surface Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice GCOS-92 Implementation Targets are designed for climate but also serve global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine transportation, marine hazards warning, marine environmental monitoring, and many other non-climate users.

All six global (in situ) implementation programs are now linked internationally through WMO/IOC JCOMM coordination The organizing framework is in place

The DBCP: a leader and model for GOOS implementation The DBCP model:The DBCP model: –Shared benefits -- individual national contributions result in a global data set for use by all –Shared responsibility -- a self supporting panel –Regional Action Groups –Technical Coordinator and platform support center –Promoting science, technology development, and user feedback –Looking to the future

“The coordination of a GEOSS, will rely on the same kind of shared vision and commitment that we are celebrating today.” Marc Denis Everell, Assistant Deputy Minister, Meteorological Service of Canada Ceremony celebrating the DBCP’s completion of the global drifter array during JCOMM-II, September 2005.

The Success of JCOMMOPS: Looking to the Future Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGORoundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGO –The need to evolve toward a Global Observing Program Support Center was agreed. –Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two working at JCOMMOPS. –Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems benefiting should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS services. –Possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to an operational center that might furnish in-kind contributions and additional support. –Some centers have already expressed interest informally.  Management Committee (07 October, Geneva): OCG will develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS evolution and call for proposals.

System Advancement Highlights

57% Total in situ networks October % 100% 42% 81% 43% 66% 48%21% 81% Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets A total of 5635 platforms are maintained globally. Of these, 1660 are data buoys.

Surface Drifting Buoys 1250 sustained array (achieved) Users Workshop (March 2006) Implement hourly reporting Need barometers on all drifters (presently 385)

Surface Drifting Buoys: Good news from Europe

[The DBCP now supplies 30 Hurricane Drifters per year] Drifting Buoys Deployed in Hurricane Rita 20 buoys measure air pressure, SST, wind speed & direction 8 buoys measure upper ocean temperature Pressure vs. Distance from Center of Rita Wind Direction Data on Plot of Drifter Location Relative to Rita Center Forecast Track NOAA Hurricane Drifters ready for air deployment by the Hurricane Hunter Squadron at Keesler AFB Courtesy of Scuba (2006)

Tropical Moored Buoys PIRATA extensions and Indian Ocean Array

USA Transition from NSF to NOAA: Indonesian Through Flow Transition from Germany to NOAA: MOVE array New NOAA: California Current real time monitoring USA Ocean Observatories Initiative Nine new sites: UK RAPID continuation Australia New Observatory

38% complete Measuring Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks 1. Inventory 10-year survey 2. Ships of opportunity 3. Moored buoy time series New carbon systems on NDBC Coastal Weather Buoys

2527 active floats -- will reach 3000 by early 2007

Well sampled Over sampled Partially sampled Under sampled Not sampled HDX Not sampled FRX Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode AX07 AX03 AX20 AX22 IX01 IX12 IX22 IX28 PX05 PX08 PX09 PX10 PX13 PX17 PX18 PX30 PX31 PX34 PX37 PX38 PX40 PX50 AX08 AX18 AX25 AX29 AX34 IX06 IX08 IX15 PX02 PX04 PX11 IX21 PX21 PX36 PX81 AX15 AX10 AX11 IX07 IX09S PX44 PX06 IX10 SOOP: 39 of 51 lines now occupied JCOMM-II Recommendation 3: Establish a JCOMM Trust Fund for consumables. WMO has agreed to manage the Trust Fund. Trust fund expenditures to be authorized by the Chair of SOT.

By the end of 2007 most of the 170 Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations Will Provide Marine Hazards Warning in Real Time GCOS Climate Reference Network of Tide Gauge Stations

New Challenge for GOOS and the DBCP: Implementing the Tsunami Warning Buoy (Tsunameter) system 19 DART stations operational USA contribution Modeling Mapping Observing

Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordination Sites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely Integrating tsunami buoys into GOOS Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployed during a U.S. Climate mission Met sensors will be installed by USA on the Chilean tsunami buoy in October 2006

Observing System Monitoring Center (OSMC) A new tool for monitoring the observing system in near real time Hosted by NOAA on behalf of JCOMM

Beta version of the OSMC is available for JCOMM test and evaluation.

Sort by: Platform type Variables being sampled Time frame Contributing Country

Drill down for platform metadata and real-time data reports. Database operations at NOAA NDBC. Hold data for 5 years. Updated daily. Data source -- GTS via the GODAE server system at Navy Monterey. Other web sources are being added.

Viewer Options: LAS -- GIS specially designed for observing system managers (by NOAA PMEL) ESRI -- commercial GIS tool Google Earth -- open source GIS with great graphics, fun for kids (and adults)

2094 Platforms reporting observations yesterday

1252 Drifting Buoys reporting yesterday

385 Drifting Buoys reporting barometric pressure

18 Drifting Buoys reporting wind

396 Moored Buoys reporting yesterday

819 Ships reporting two days ago Location security: Ship observations are not available for the most recent 48 hours.

2334 Argo Floats reporting during the past month

Japan had 352 Platforms reporting during the past month

Canada had 155 Platforms reporting during the past month

Australia had 123 Platforms reporting during the past month

Initial design for sorting by Platform Tide Gauge Stations oGLOSS oClimate Reference Stations oReal Time Reporting oGeocentrically Located oNWLON Drifting Buoys oHigh Seas Drifters oBarometer Drifters oWind Drifters oHurricane Drifters oIce Buoys Moored Buoys oWeather Buoys oTsunami Warning Stations oTropical Moored Buoys oClimate Reference Stations oOcean Carbon Stations oEcosystem Monitoring Buoys Profiling Floats and Gliders oArgo Profilers oGliders Ships oVolunteer Observing Ships VOSClim Weather Obs Weather and Ocean Obs Ocean Carbon Obs oDedicated Ships Ecosystem Monitoring Charting Surveys Climate Monitoring (SAMOS) Ocean Carbon Surveys Platform support Research Ocean Transport Stations oMoored arrays oCable Measurements Shore and Bottom Stations oC-MAN Weather Stations oPORTS Systems oSeismic Monitoring Stations Satellites

Test Version 2.00 beta: Feedback: Test Version 2.00 beta: Feedback:

Data Buoys: A Cornerstone System of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems

Thank You, DBCP photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

Data Buoys: a Cornerstone System of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems Data Buoy Cooperation Panel La Jolla, 16 October 2006 Mike Johnson JCOMM Observations Programme Area Coordinator photo courtesy of MeteoFrance