Judaism “The Chosen People”. About 14 million Jews.

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Presentation transcript:

Judaism “The Chosen People”

About 14 million Jews

Originated in the Middle East 4000 years ago

Jewish Lunar Calendar 2013=5773

3 Main Jewish Beliefs

1. Monotheistic

2. The Chosen People

3. Messiah

Torah= Old Testament

Talmud=Collections of Jewish Writings

Hebrew Spelling of God YHWH G-d

Biblical Judaism 1800 BCE-1 CE Abraham Moses King Saul King David King Solomon Temple Temple destroyed  Temple rededicated --Hanukkah

Classical Judaism 1 CE- 700 CE Romans destroy the 2 nd Temple  The Western Wall/Wailing Wall is all that is left Diaspora: 2000 years of Jews living away from their homeland Exile and persecution

Medieval Judaism 600 CE-1600 CE Jews’ living conditions varied from place to place. Under Muslim rule: peaceful coexistence throughout much of Spain, Africa, and the Near East.

Medieval Judaism 600 CE CE Under Christian rule: rampant persecution and resentment of their success in business. Banished to ghettos Exiled to Poland and Spain Roots of anti-Semitism

Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah teaches that God can be known best by looking inward, with the heart, through love. Moses Maimonides Famous Jewish mystic

Modern Judaism 1700 CE-present Hasidism= Ultra-Orthodox Jew.

Zaddik—holy man in the Hasidic community

Zionism-movement committed to establishment of state of Israel

Holocaust or “Shoah”

Jerusalem to Jews: Western Wall: King Solomon’s Temple and the Ark of the Covenant

Jerusalem to Christians: Church of the Holy Sepulcher place where Jesus was crucified

Jerusalem to Muslims: Dome of the Rock place where Muhammad ascended into heaven

1948: Jews moved in and displaced Palestinians already living there. That’s why there is so much fighting there.

Branches of Judaism: 1. Reform (liberal) Believes that as society changes, so must Judaism Relaxed about rules Worship spoken in English Women can be rabbis Largest branch in US Zionists

2. Orthodox (strict) Every word of the Torah was given directly to Moses from God, so NOTHING can be changed. Deeply traditional Follow Kosher food laws Worship in Hebrew; men and women separated Wear yarmulkes, modest dress and behavior Hasidic Jews are Orthodox Jews Smallest branch

3. Conservative Somewhere in between Reform and Orthodox Less strict regarding Jewish practices Observe kosher food laws and wear yarmulkes Women can be rabbis Worship in Hebrew or English 2 nd largest branch

Kosher Laws

Shabbat/ Sabbath

Rosh Hashanah

Yom Kippur

Hanukkah

Pesach/Passover

Yom Hashoah

Anti-Semitism

Diaspora

Covenant: agreement between God and the Israelites

Rabbis

Mezuzah

Matzah

Huppah

Haggadah

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

Circumcision

Shivah “seven” Sitting Shivah Week-long period of mourning for relatives

Synagogue

Yarmulkes/Kippahs

Yarmulke/kippah

Tallit

Phylacteries

Shofar

Seder

Shema “Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, The Lord is One.”

Torah Scrolls

Ark

Menorah