Environmental Change University of North Dakota President’s Cabinet April 29, 2013

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Environmental Management Integrated combination of programs, policies and education campaigns Intellectually grounded in public health Emphasizes the broader physical, social, culturally and institutional forces Typically conducted in collaboration with surrounding community

Coalition Driven Environmental Change A Case Study of Community Organizing in a Large Metropolitan Area: Changing Alcohol Policies at Community Festivals –L. Bosma, T. Toomey, C. Matt (2009) Evaluating a Comprehensive Campus-Community Prevention Intervention to Reduce Alcohol-Related Problems in a College Population –R. Saltz, L. Welker, M. Paschall, M. Feeney, P. Fabiano (2009) What We Have Learned From the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study: Focusing on Attention on College Student Alcohol Consumption and the Environmental Conditions That Promote It –H. Wechsler, T. Nelson (2008) Use of Policy, Education, and Enforcement to Reduce Binge Drinking Among University Students: The NU Directions Project –I. Newman, D. Shell, L. Major, T. Workman (2006) A Campus-community Coalition to Control Alcohol-related Problems Off Campus: An Environmental Management Case Study –T. Gebhardt, K. Kaphingst, W. DeJong (2000)

Tier 2: Evidence of Success with General Populations Applied to College Environments Increased enforcement of minimum drinking age laws Implementation, increased publicity and enforcement of other laws to reduce alcohol-impaired driving Restrictions on alcohol retail outlet density Increased prices and excise taxes on alcoholic beverages Responsible beverage service policies in social and commercial settings Formation of a campus-community coalition involving all major stakeholders

Tier 3: Evidence of logical and theoretical promise, but requires more comprehensive evaluation Adopting campus-based policies and practices that appear to be capable of reducing high-risk alcohol use Increase enforcement at campus-based events that promote excessive drinking Increasing publicity about and enforcement of underage drinking laws eliminating “mixed messages” Consistently enforcing disciplinary actions associated with policy violations Conducting marketing campaigns to correct student misperceptions about alcohol use Safe ride programs Regulation of happy hours and sales Informing new students and their parents about alcohol policies prior to arrival and during orientation periods

POLICY EDUCATION ENFORCEMENT DESIGN What are the codified standards for behavior on the campus or in the community? Are students aware of and able to live within campus and community laws, policies and standards? Are there negative consequences for not complying? Are there positive reinforcements for compliance? Do campus spaces, traditions, and celebrations support the desired behavior?

Using the Power of Data Police Reports/GIS Maps Student Self-Report Data Neighborhood Complaints Focus Groups Market Trends Student Retention Data Last Drink Data Anecdotes and Stories

Civic Engagement Findings from the AMOD project –Risk modifying effect of social capitol on heavy drinking and primary/secondary effects (Weitzman and Chen, 2005) Findings from AlcoholEDU –Students who drink and volunteer/participate in activities are less likely than their peers who drink but don’t participate to experience negative consequences (Wyatt 2010) Bringing Theory to Practice (AAC&U) –Multisite study designed to assess the relationship between civic engagement and student psychosocial wellbeing Personal and Social Responsibility –AAC&U LEAP –Journal of College Character –Emerging discussions related to civility

Cost Calculator* Counseling services Adjudication Public safety Non-Billable property damage and cleanup $814, Attrition (annual revenue lost due to alcohol-related attrition based on national average) $1,761, Potential savings based on 5% reduction in alcohol- related costs $183, Potential revenue captured by reducing alcohol-related attrition by 5%, $293, $476, *Calculated for UNL by Outside the Classroom

Binge vs. Non-Binge Rate 1993 – 2012

Environmental Change University of North Dakota Campus Presentation April 29, 2013

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Environmental Management Integrated combination of programs, policies and education campaigns Typically conducted in collaboration with surrounding community Intellectually grounded in public health Emphasizes the broader physical, social, culturally and institutional forces

Coalition Philosophy Focus efforts toward harm reduction Adopt a comprehensive approach incorporating both individual and environmental strategies Shared Responsibility –Responsibility for individual behavior is shared between the individual and the environment –All stakeholders within the environment need to share the responsibility for the condition of the environment Inclusive Process –All Stakeholders have responsibility, and therefore a place at the table –Focusing on a common vision for an ideal environment leads to consensus –Community-wide consensus is critical for long-term environmental change

Tier 2: Evidence of Success with General Populations Applied to College Environments Increased enforcement of minimum drinking age laws Implementation, increased publicity and enforcement of other laws to reduce alcohol-impaired driving Restrictions on alcohol retail outlet density Increased prices and excise taxes on alcoholic beverages Responsible beverage service policies in social and commercial settings Formation of a campus-community coalition involving all major stakeholders

Tier 3: Evidence of logical and theoretical promise, but requires more comprehensive evaluation Adopting campus-based policies and practices that appear to be capable of reducing high-risk alcohol use Increase enforcement at campus-based events that promote excessive drinking Increasing publicity about and enforcement of underage drinking laws eliminating “mixed messages” Consistently enforcing disciplinary actions associated with policy violations Conducting marketing campaigns to correct student misperceptions about alcohol use Safe ride programs Regulation of happy hours and sales Informing new students and their parents about alcohol policies prior to arrival and during orientation periods

POLICY EDUCATION ENFORCEMENT DESIGN What are the codified standards for behavior on the campus or in the community? Are students aware of and able to live within campus and community laws, policies and standards? Are there negative consequences for not complying? Are there positive reinforcements for compliance? Do campus spaces, traditions, and celebrations support the desired behavior?

20% 60% 20% Always act ethically Open to Influence Never act ethically Source: Dr. Janice Lawrence, Associate Director of the Program in Business Ethics and Society, UNL

Using the Power of Data Police Reports/GIS Maps Student Self-Report Data Neighborhood Complaints Focus Groups Market Trends Student Retention Data Last Drink Data Anecdotes and Stories

Self-Reported Drinking by Location

Engaging the Campus Community

Response to Alcohol-Related Problems on Campus Policy: Revised campus sanction policy including consistent sanctioning applied to all students Revised university approved housing agreement Good Samaritan Policy Allocated funds to support campus night life programming Enforcement: Community Service Officer (CSO) Contract with Greek Living Units Increased Professionalism for CSO Program Enhanced Continuing Education and Training Program for UNLPD Officers Cooperative Agreement among Area Enforcement Agencies Increased Sophistication in Technology Education: Implemented research-based, developmentally appropriate alcohol education College Alcohol Profile Legal Liability Education for Greek Chapters and Recognized Student Organizations Increased parent and new student education about alcohol policies in residence halls and Greek living units Increased emphasis on parent education

Group Specific-Normative Feedback First Year College Alcohol Profile (Y1-CAP) –Reinforce low-risk drinking norms of entering students –Reduce uptake of drinking and binge drinking –Challenge potential misperceptions Enhancement –Develop a cadre of trained facilitators –Process perceptions of group normative behavior using motivational feedback –Small cohorts of first-year students based on Y1- CAP data (Greek living units and learning communities)

Enhance Parental Influence Interactive web-based parent program –Specifically for parents of first-year students Correct misperceptions Enhance and reinforce communication skills Encourage communication about expectations for alcohol and other drug use –Compliment existing parent strategies Discretionary parental notification Parent presentations pre-matriculation Regular communication through the UNL Parents Association Newsletter

Tips for Engaging Faculty Retention Study Undergraduate Research Political Science – “Nudge” campaign Sociology – Dating violence study Marketing – Alternatives to the Birthday Bar Crawl Campaigns Class – Social Norms marketing Civic Engagement Certificate

Response to Alcohol-Related Problems on Game Day Policy: Loss of season ticket for chronic problems Special Designated Licenses limited on game day Changes in student ticketing Enforcement: Obvious violations prosecuted Intoxicated fans barred from entry into stadium or ejected Education: Tailgate Campaign e.g. mailing, parking lot promotions, signage Community Forum on Game Day Drinking Text campaign

The Role of Communications Maintaining coalition awareness –Project reporting –Framing the work Encouraging ongoing dialogue –Building awareness –Framing opportunities for public discussion –Addressing misperceptions

The Role of Communications Message Strategy –Establishing a common language and meanings –Maintaining message consistency –Identifying and avoiding perceptual traps Media Advocacy –Utilizing media to express environmental issues –Ensuring accuracy in media depictions of issue

Lessons Learned: Communicating About Alcohol Employ multiple, context-appropriate voices so that the message comes from the stakeholders and not the organizers Infuse alcohol into other relevant student life issues Prepare spokespersons Expect and inoculate opposing views with solid data

Binge vs. Non-Binge Rate 1993 – 2012

Environmental Change University of North Dakota Community Presentation April 29, 2013

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Environmental Management Integrated combination of programs, policies and education campaigns Typically conducted in collaboration with surrounding community Intellectually grounded in public health Emphasizes the broader physical, social, culturally and institutional forces

Community coalitions are not themselves interventions but instead provide infrastructure to support planning and services to address a specific community concern. Those services and plans should be based on the most current research and local data.

Coalition Philosophy Focus efforts toward harm reduction Adopt a comprehensive approach incorporating both individual and environmental strategies Shared Responsibility –Responsibility for individual behavior is shared between the individual and the environment –All stakeholders within the environment need to share the responsibility for the condition of the environment Inclusive Process –All Stakeholders have responsibility, and therefore a place at the table –Focusing on a common vision for an ideal environment leads to consensus –Community-wide consensus is critical for long-term environmental change

Tier 2: Evidence of Success with General Populations Applied to College Environments Increased enforcement of minimum drinking age laws Implementation, increased publicity and enforcement of other laws to reduce alcohol-impaired driving Restrictions on alcohol retail outlet density Increased prices and excise taxes on alcoholic beverages Responsible beverage service policies in social and commercial settings Formation of a campus-community coalition involving all major stakeholders

Tier 3: Evidence of logical and theoretical promise, but requires more comprehensive evaluation Adopting campus-based policies and practices that appear to be capable of reducing high-risk alcohol use Increase enforcement at campus-based events that promote excessive drinking Increasing publicity about and enforcement of underage drinking laws eliminating “mixed messages” Consistently enforcing disciplinary actions associated with policy violations Conducting marketing campaigns to correct student misperceptions about alcohol use Safe ride programs Regulation of happy hours and sales Informing new students and their parents about alcohol policies prior to arrival and during orientation periods

POLICY EDUCATION ENFORCEMENT DESIGN What are the codified standards for behavior on the campus or in the community? Are students aware of and able to live within campus and community laws, policies and standards? Are there negative consequences for not complying? Are there positive reinforcements for compliance? Do campus spaces, traditions, and celebrations support the desired behavior?

20% 60% 20% Always act ethically Open to Influence Never act ethically Source: Dr. Janice Lawrence, Associate Director of the Program in Business Ethics and Society, UNL

Using the Power of Data Police Reports/GIS Maps Student Self-Report Data Neighborhood Complaints Focus Groups Market Trends Student Retention Data Last Drink Data Anecdotes and Stories

Self-Reported Drinking by Location

Engaging the Retail Community

College Bars N Haymarket

Number of Admissions Percent of Total Average BAC Bar A9316%.169 Bar B499%.183 Bar C438%.160 Bar D438%.160 Bar E336%.159 Bar F326%.169 Bar G315%.181 Bar H234%.165 Bar J224%.163 Bar K193%.179 Total (403) 388/56969%.169 Last Drink Data

Response to Irresponsible Sale and Service of Alcohol Policy: State policy – Digital Driver’s License Additional conditions attached to licenses in high dense areas Special Designated Permit restriction on game day Mandatory Management Training Program Mandatory Seller/Server Permit Local ordinance – prohibiting use of false identification Enforcement: Special emphasis on sales to intoxicated Increased tavern checks Badges in Bars Citations to commercial landlords Education: Last Drink Data Internal Liquor Committee Bar Walks, Community Forums Voluntary Compliance Checks and Pseudo Intoxicated Patron Study

Engaging Community Neighborhoods

2007 Wild Party Density

Response to Alcohol-Related Problems in Neighborhoods Policy: Community alcohol violations adjudicated on campus Consequences for violating municipal ordinance Revised Tenant/Landlord Contracts Enforcement: Wild Party Patrol Landlord’s cited for Disorderly House Education: REOMA Problem Landlord Initiative “We Agree” Campaign Lincoln Police Department website for landlords Resident Roundtable Project Community-based service

Wild Party Dispatch 59

Wild Party Dispatch – Repeat Offenders 60

Binge vs. Non-Binge Rate 1993 – 2012