Management of allergy reaction

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Presentation transcript:

Management of allergy reaction

Definition of anaphylaxis Def: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. This is characterized by rapidly developing life-threatening airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems usually associated with skin and mucosal changes.

causes The most common causes of an allergic emergency include: •1/ Food. Peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, cashews, walnuts), fish, cow’s milk and eggs. 2/ insects such as bees, wasps.

Other causes 3/ medication: • Penicillin is the most commonly drugs. aspirin, sulfa drugs, tetracycline, anesthetics (benzocain) and pain relievers like ibuprofen •4/ Latex. used in disposable gloves, intravenous tubes, syringes.

Dental allergies Types of dental materials associated with a allergic reaction : 1/(Base metal) alloy contaning nickle that used to make crown &bridge. 2/Gold alloy :used for crowns & bridge. 3/Dental amalgam. 4/Acrylics or denture reline materials.

5/whitening\bleaching agent lead to (rash to gum and oral tissue). 6/Toothpaste and mouth rinses containing sodium laurel sulfate SLS. 7/Epinephrine (adrenalin) in local anesthesia (pt feel faster heart beats and anxiety).

Signs & Symptoms: Anaphylaxis/Allergy Laryngeal edema Weak pulse-syncope Loss of consciousness Cardiac arrest Urticaria-(itching,flushing). Rash Rhinitis Bronchospasm

Treatment of Immediate (Skin Reactions): Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM or SC (0.3ml of a 1:1000 Solution). Antihistamine Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 50 mg IM.

Treatment OF Anaphylaxis/Allergy Acute Reaction: Basic Life Support Epinephrine, injection IM Oxygen Diphenhydramine, injection IM Airway management – intubation.

Anesthesia Reactions Reaction can be varied in extent and severity Most are result of either local anesthetic agent itself or the vasoconstrictor within formulation Toxicity can occur especially from rapid intravascular injection Reaction can occur 30-60 seconds to 1 hour after injection.

Treatment of Local Anesthesia Toxicity Initially, begin basic cardiac life support Airway opened, oxygen given Severe reactions, patient transported to hospital emergency room as soon as possible.

Prevention of Allergic Reactions HISTORY - a thorough, complete history of any previous allergic response or tendency before to starting treatment will avoid most emergencies. Medical consultation. Dental office skin testing.

Thank you