Thursday, July 23rd Ch 1 Sec. 1 Roman Alphabet A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T V X K Y and Z were added to allow Romans to use Greek words in Latin J U and W were added later J is a consonant form of I U is a vowel form of V W ‘double–u’ or ‘double-v’ was added to make the sounds of w and v distinct.

Thursday, July 23rd Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation Consonants c – as in ‘cat’, never as in ‘cent’ e.g. cantō g – as in ‘goat’, never as in ‘gentle’ e.g. gloria i (j) - a consonant when before a vowel, like the y in ‘yellow’ e.g. iam r – rolled e.g. rectus s – always as in ‘sit’, never ‘z’ as in please, e.g. semper t – always as ‘table’, never ‘sh’, e.g. teneō, ratiō v – like ‘w’ asin ‘win’, e.g. victoria x – like ‘x’ in ox, not ‘gz’ in exert e.g. nox, rēx

Thursday, July 23rd Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation Consonant Blends bs, bt – ‘b’ like ‘p’, e.g. urbs ‘urps’ gu, qu – as in ‘penguin’, as in ‘quart’ e.g. lingua, quod ch- like ‘chorus’ not bachelor’ e.g. charta th – as in ‘goatherd’ e.g. theatrum ph – ‘f’, as in ‘philosophy’, e.g. philosophia Double consonants – two distinct sounds e.g. puella ‘pu–el-la’

Thursday, July 23rd Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation: Vowels ShortLong a – ‘alike’ casa ā – ‘father’ stāre e – ‘pet’ memoriaē – ‘they’ cēna i – ‘pit’ interī – ‘machine’ īre o – ‘pot’ bonusō – ‘hose’ errō u – ‘put’ Marcusū – ‘rude’ lūdus

Thursday, July 23rd Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation: Diphthongs ae – ai in ‘aisle’ e.g. fēminae, aequus au – ou in ‘out’ e.g. laudō, audiō ei – eigh in ‘weigh’ e.g. deinde eu – ‘eh-oo’ e.g. heu oe – oi in ‘coil’ e.g. proelium ui – ‘oo-ee’ as in ‘tweet’ e.g. huic, cui

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 3 Syllabication Syllable - unit of a word which is one uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthong or consonant- vowel combination. Latin has no silent letters

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 3 Syllabication Syllabication Rules: – 1. Between two like consonants: stel –la ter-ra – 2. between last of two or more different consonants: ar-ma temp-to – 3. between two vowels or a vowel and diphthong: cha-os pe-cu-ni-ae – 4. a single consonant between two vowels will follow the second: me-mo-ri-a fē-mi-nae

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 4 Accent Accent is vocal emphasis on a certain syllable of a word. Rules for Latin: 1. Two syllables – accent on first auc-tōr 2. More than two syllables – accent on next to last if it is long (has macron) for–tū-na 3. Otherwise, accent on third to last syllable: fē-mi-na

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure Meaning conveyed in 3 ways: 1.Word Order 2.Function words which show relationship (prepositions, articles, helping verbs, etc.) 3. Inflection (changing form of word) English uses the first two mostly. Latin mostly uses inflection.

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure Inflection (change of word form) changes words from singular to plural in English and Latin:

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure In English, word order tells the subject and object: Subject verb object. Greece attacks Troy. Troy attacks Greece. In Latin, inflection also expresses relationship between words. These sentences all mean: Greece attacks Troy.

Friday, July 24th Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure English and Latin both use Function Words to define relationships between words, but English uses more.