VACHS BIOLOGY PUNNET SQUARES INTRO

TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION REVIEW CIRCLE ONE: TRANSCRIPTION HAPPENS …. INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS? CIRCLE ONE: TRANSLATION HAPPENS … INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS? TRANSCRIPTION STARTS BY COPYING _________ INTO ____________. TRANSLATION TURNS _____________ INTO _______________. DURING TRANSLATION, THE AMINO ACIDS NEEDED TO BUILD PROTEINS ARE BROUGHT TO RIBOSOMES BY _____________.

DNA IS COPIED AND EVENTUALLY TRANSLATED INTO PROTEIN…

1. DNA AND THE GENES THEY CONTAIN ARE INHERITED FROM PARENTS…

HOW CAN WE PREDICT THE TRAITS OF OUR OFFSPRING (CHILDREN)?

GLOSSARY : GENOTYPE VS PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE : genetic information PHENOTYPE : observable traits (things you can see!)

GLOSSARY : ALLELE VS GENE Gene : a piece of DNA that determines a certain trait. (example: gene that determines eye color) Allele : one form of a gene. (example: allele that codes for brown eyes)

GLOSSARY : ALLELE VS GENE 2. PICK THE GENE AND ALLELE: HAIR COLORBLONDE HAIR CURLY HAIRHAIR TEXTURE

GENES VS ALLELES The color of your hair is determined by a _________________. One ____________ of this gene will cause you to have blonde hair. The texture of your hair is determined by a _______________. One ____________ of this gene will cause you to have curly hair.

MEIOSIS CONNECTION 3. MEIOSIS CREATES HAPOLID CELLS WHICH HAVE …. HALF OR FULL SET OF CHROMOSOMES? 23 chromosomes from egg + 23 chromosomes from sperm = 46 chromosomes in typical cell 4. ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES CARRIES ONE SET OF ALLELES; HALF OF YOUR GENETIC INFORMATION IS FROM EACH PARENT! uppppppp

TWO PARENTS: ONE WITH BLUE EYES, ONE WITH BROWN EYES! A ) What are their phenotypes ? B ) What are their genotypes ?

TWO PARENTS: ONE WITH BLUE EYES, ONE WITH BROWN EYES! `What are their phenotypes? `What are their genotypes? `Bb, Bb or BB

GLOSSARY: DOMINANT / RECESSIVE DOMINANT : allele that is present in phenotype whenever it is present. (B) RECESSIVE : allele that is present in phenotype only when there are two copies of this allele present. (b)

ADD TO YOUR GLOSSARY: ~ HOMOZYGOUS : ~ HETEROZYGOUS :

6. PRACTICE : WHAT IS THE PHENOTYPE OF EACH COMBINATION? B = brown eyesb = blue eyes ~ BB = ~ Bb = ~ bb =

7. CROSSING GENOTYPES DRAW A “ PUNNETT SQUARE” TO PREDICT THE GENOTYPE OF THE OFFSPRING! ONE PARENT WITH BLUE EYES (HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE) AND ONE PARENT WITH BROWN EYES (HETEROZYGOUS DOMINANT!) Parents along either side:

PUNNET WORD PROBLEM! A heterozygous white rabbit is crossed with a homozygous black rabbit.

PUNNET PRACTICE! C: restaurant voices H: raise your hand, ask the people at your table! A: use the punnet square worksheet to practice ! M: sitting still, raise your hand if you would like to get colored pencils P: finding the genotype, phenotype and ratio. S: finishing all the punnets accurately, and checking your answers.

ZOMBIE PUNNET PORTRAITS: EXTRA CREDIT! C: “restaurant voices” H: raise your hand, ask the people at your table. A: Following the instructions on in your packet, work independently to create a genetically accurate family of zombies! M: stay seated during this activity. You should raise your hand and ask permission before moving around. P: working independently on your portraits. S: Completing all of the steps outlined in the packet carefully and creatively.