Presenter: Karen Fligger, EPA

Stormwater Generated by runoff from land and impervious surfaces such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during precipitation events Often contain pollutants in quantities that could adversely affect receiving water quality 3

Stormwater (contd.) Most stormwater discharges are considered point sources and require coverage by an NPDES permit. The most commonly used method to control stormwater is through best management practices (BMPs), including pollution prevention and source reduction (quantity and quality control). 4

What is an MS4? A municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) is a conveyance or system of conveyances owned by a state, city, town, or other public entity that discharges to waters of the U.S. and is: designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater not a combined sewer not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) 5

This is an MS4! 6

Phase I Coverage Covers municipalities with populations over 100,000 Many interconnected small MS4s also permitted Approximately 275 permits covering 1,000 MS4s have been issued 7

Phase II Coverage Covers more than 5,000 smaller MS4s in “urbanized areas” Urbanized areas based on decennial census Permitting authorities can designate additional small MS4s that are outside of urbanized areas Includes non-traditional MS4s (e.g. prisons, universities) Most states have small MS4 general permits in place; municipalities seek coverage under the general permit. 8

Urbanized Areas (UA) in U.S UAs 6,000  communities 197 million people 70% of the population 2% of the land area

Unregulated MS4s Outside urbanized areas (UAs) Generally population of 99,000 or less Not designated by the permitting authority (state or EPA) as Phase I or Phase II 10

Stormwater Facilities/Projects 11

Changes for 2012 Drop down box has been added to identify whether or not the needed projects activities are specifically required by a NPDES permit Data provided in comment box in 2008 was used to populate this field 12

CWNS Stormwater Facility Types Phase I Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Phase I permits are required for municipalities in incorporated places or counties with populations of 100,000 or more. Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for entities regulated under the NPDES Phase I permit process. Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS. 13

CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.) Phase II MS4 Phase II permits were required for small MS4s (population 99,999 or less) located in “urbanized areas” (UAs) as defined by the Bureau of the Census, and those small MS4s located outside of a UA that are designated by NPDES permitting authorities. Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for entities regulated under the NPDES Phase II permit process. Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS. 14

CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.) Non-traditional MS4 Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for regulated MS4s owned by non- municipal, public entities (e.g., universities, Departments of Transportation, prisons, school districts). Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS. 15

CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.) Unregulated Community Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for areas not covered by an NPDES permit under the Phase I or Phase II storm water regulations. This is equivalent to “NPS Control: Urban” from the 2000 and 2004 surveys 16

Required Technical Data Facility/Project Information Permits (i.e. NPDES number) (except Unregulated Communities) Point of Contact Location (e.g. address, coordinates) Needs and Documentation* Discharge Method and Location* Pollution Problem* Impaired Waters* Unit Process* Utility Management* * Designates optional data 17

Cost Categories of Stormwater Needs for CWNS VI-A: Stormwater Conveyance Infrastructure Pipes, inlets, road side ditches VI-B: Stormwater Treatment Systems Wet ponds, dry ponds, manufactured devices VI-C: Green Infrastructure/Low Impact Development (LID) Bioretention, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, rain gardens, green roofs, rain barrels, vegetated swales, restoring riparian buffers, etc. VI-D: General Stormwater Management Education program start-up costs, GIS systems, tracking systems, education, equipment (street sweepers), management plan development 18

When is a need NPS v. Unregulated Stormwater? NPS-Hydromodification (VII-K) BMPs to solve morphological problems, in many cases caused by stormwater Any work involving riparian or wetland restoration. Projects are usually on the stream channel or next to it. Examples: wetland development or restoration, bank or channel (grade) stabilization. Unregulated Stormwater (VI) BMPs to prevent, control, or treat pollution from stormwater. Projects are usually close to the source of pollution. Projects are part of a stormwater management plan. Examples: detention ponds, green roofs 19

Stormwater type?  Phase I  Phase II  Non-traditional  Unregulated Needs by sub-categories Cost Specifically required by NPDES permit? A - Traditional Conveyance $  Yes  No B - Traditional Treatment $  Yes  No C - Green Infrastructure/ LID $  Yes  No D - General Stormwater Management $  Yes  No 20

Collecting and Entering Stormwater Costs 21

Eligibility To be eligible for CWNS, needs must be: Capital costs Fall within CWNS categories Meet CWNS documentation criteria 22

Seven Criteria for Documenting Needs and Costs Description of the water quality or public health problem Location of the problem Solution to the problem Cost of the solution Basis for the cost Total cost Current Documentation 23 Needs Costs

1. Description of the water quality or public health problem Municipal Stormwater Management Plan Impaired Water/TMDL Listing Completed TMDL State-approved Area-wide or Regional Basin Plan Watershed-based plans CWSRF and other loan & grant applications Intended Use Plan Capital Improvement Plans (CIPs) 24

2. Location of the problem Provide a polygon outlining the area where the stormwater needs are located or If the stormwater plan is municipality-wide, select the appropriate town(s) from the provided list (based on primary county) For category VI-B only: a single point 25

3. Solution(s) to the problem Traditional Conveyance Pipes, inlets, road side ditches Traditional Treatment Wet ponds, dry ponds, manufactured devices Green Infrastructure/ LID Bioretention, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, rain gardens, etc General Stormwater Management Planning, GIS systems, tracking systems, education, equipment (street sweepers) 26

3. Solution(s) to the problem Menu of BMPs Provides factsheets illustrating ways municipalities can meet six minimum control measures Hundreds of fact sheets covering: Public outreach Public participation Illicit Discharge Construction Post-construction Municipal operations 27

4. The cost for each solution The cost to implement the BMPs Cannot include O & M costs in documented needs 28

5. The basis of the cost The source of the cost data. 29

DOCUMENT TYPE DOCUMENT NAME PERCENT OF TOTAL 2004 STORMWATER NEEDS PERCENT OF TOTAL 2008 STORMWATER NEEDS 99EPA-HQ Approved45 % 20Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) 74% 27% 06 State-Approved Area-wide or Regional Basin Plan 5% 16% 08Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)3% 32CSO Long-Term Control Plan (LTCP)2% 60 Municipal Storm Water Management Plan 5% 2% 01Intended Use Plan 1% 40Watershed Management Plans1% 21Facility Plan 12% 1% 03CWSRF Loan Applications 2% 0.5% 23Final Engineer's Estimate 1% 0.2% 30

Costs from Comparable Practices (Doc Type 05) Cost must be based on at least 3 bid or completed projects that are: Recent: within the last two years. Similar in size, scope, and geographic area. Size: plus or minus 25 percent. Generally in the same county or watershed. Must be pre-approved by EPA headquarters 31

6. The total cost The total cost of all stormwater needs documented for the facility must be provided. 32

7. Current Documentation >$30 Million: January 1, <$30 Million: January 1,

Minnesota Innovative Methods from 2008 Minnesota established a per-acre stormwater rate according to the responses to their Stormwater Infrastructure Needs Survey (SWINS) 32 (of 209) communities provided cost estimates for future stormwater infrastructure needs Developed average annual per acre rate for stormwater management Applied to the all MS4 communities 35

Ohio Innovative Methods from Ohio conducted a survey of all the MS4s in the state Included cover letter to convey importance of submitting information Historically, stormwater needs have been an underreported category. While there are more than 260 municipal stormwater permittees in Ohio, stormwater infrastructure projects accounted for less than 1/10th of one percent of all reported needs in Ohio in This year, in an attempt to highlight its importance, stormwater needs are being surveyed independent of wastewater, which will be surveyed soon. If you are planning future stormwater projects, such as installing or repairing pipes and inlets; building wet ponds, bioretention areas, or swales; or purchasing equipment such as street sweepers and GIS systems, you should report these capital needs in the 2008 Needs Survey. Used it to request information on projects and to gather documents

Ohio Innovative Methods from

Ohio Innovative Methods from

Lessons Learned in 2008 Learn from the past Communication is key Between state agencies Between state and local agencies Between states and EPA Contact EPA as you are developing your methodology for pre-approval. The sooner the better Deadline is March 30,

Stormwater Resources & Tools EPA Stormwater Website ( Menu of Best Management Practices (BMPs) Measurable Goals Guidance Urbanized Area Maps Outreach Materials (Stormwater Month) 40