[SUPPORTING STANDARD] FORMS OF GOVERNMENT How are the same forms of government used differently in different places? WG.14.B Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries [SUPPORTING STANDARD]

Government system the organization that people set up to protect their community and to enforce its rules.

Types of Government Systems: AUTOCRACY: Dictatorship Monarchy Constitutional Communist Absolute Military Junta DEMOCRACY: OLIGARCHY- Communism Theocracy Direct Representative (AKA REPUBLIC) Totalitarianism

Military Junta: a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term derives from the Spanish word junta, meaning committee or meeting; specifically a board of directors Examples: Thailand & Myanmar

Fascism: a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government very harsh control or authority Examples: Nazi Germany, Totalitarianism, & Communist government

Despotism: A form of rule where a single leader rules the entire population and all his or her subjects are considered slaves. Example: The Pharaoh of Egypt or Tyrannical rule

Anarchy Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Anarchists are people who believe that government is a bad thing in that it stops people organizing their own lives. Example: After President is killed in Rwanda and the Rwandan Genocide occurs

Revolution: If a government is overthrown by force, the new ruling group is sometimes called a revolutionary government. Examples: Russian Revolution of 1919, American Revolution, & Cuban Revolution

Transitional A country that is changing from one type of government to another has a transitional government. For example, a dictatorship may turn into a democracy after the dictator dies. The change between governments can take several years. Example: Afghanistan

THEY ARE BOTH A TYPE OF AUTOCRACY political power is held by one person Monarch; king or queen Dictator Emperor TSAR

AUTOCRACY A government system where political power is held by one person Examples: Absolute Monarchy; king or queen Dictatorship Emperor TSAR

Monarchy: THERE ARE 2 TYPES: Constitutional- king or queen is bound by the law; constitution Do not have power over nation-state Figurehead only No real authority Have to follow the rules and laws Absolute- king or queen has complete power over the nation-state Does not have to follow any rules or laws at ALL All taxes go to king or queen

Constitutional Monarchy: A government system where a king or queen are bound by the law; constitution Also known as a Parliamentary Government Do not have power over nation-state Figurehead only No real authority Have to follow the rules and laws Examples- United Kingdom

Absolute Monarchy: A government system where a king or queen has complete power over the nation-state (country). Does not have to follow any rules or laws at ALL All taxes go to king or queen Examples: Saudi Arabia

ANOTHER TYPE OF AUTOCRACY IS A: DICTATORSHIP POWER IS ACQUIRED BY FORCE DICTATOR HAS ABSOLUTE CONTROL OVER CITIZENS OPPOSITION IS SUPPRESSED NO FREEDOM OF SPEECH RELIGION IS OUTLAWED A.K.A. MILITARY JUNTAS IN LATIN AMERICA & COMMUNIST DICTATORS

Representative Democracy: A government system in which people vote and choose leaders Leaders who are elected write & manage laws for the country Leaders are bound by a Constitution Also known as a REPUBLIC Example: Roman Republic (Roman Empire innovated the Athenian Democracy)

Direct Democracy: A government system where all citizens can participate & VOTE (MAJORITY RULE WINS) People control all the POLITICAL power Responsible for creating & passing laws of the land Examples- Ancient Athens (Greek civilization)

Oligarchy- Power rests with a small number of people. Example: Royalty Wealthy Family ties military control Example: Communist government Totalitarian government Absolute Monarchy

COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT HAS COMPLETE CONTROL OF CITIZENS Government planners decide what will be produced Government owns ALL property NO FREEDOMS, RELIGION IS OUTLAWED, & NO LIBERTIES AT ALL Example: The Former Soviet Union (Russia), Cuba, & China

THEOCRACY RULED BY GOD OR HIGHER POWER Example: Iran Religious leaders are in control of country Laws are based on their religious book Disputes are settled by religious rules and regulations Controlled by their religion & religious leaders Example: Iran

TOTALITARIANISM Political power is controlled TOTALLY by the government Government controls all aspects of life People can only belong to organizations controlled by government No religion is allowed One leader or political party maintains complete control of population People who oppose government are arrested & sent to labor camps or killed Example: Nazi Germany, Fascism, & Communist Governments

What’s the difference in the forms of government? Sources: http://ncsdhillel.org/2012/03/29/miertetz-tzaphone-torah-from-north-county-parshat-tzav/ http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3604/3573740833_e4d831c739.jpg http://ncsdhillel.org/2012/03/29/miertetz-tzaphone-torah-from-north-county-parshat-tzav/ COMMUNISM THEOCRACY HOW IS RELIGION VIEWED IN BOTH THESE TYPES OF GOVERNMENT?

What’s the difference in the forms of government? CONSTITUTIONAL MILITARY DICTATORSHIP MONARCHY What are modern differences in government types with ONE un-elected, permanent leader? Sources: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/05/bbc.royalsandthemedia http://www.reginasfamilyseasons.com/2010/10/fear-or-respect-democracy-or.html https://www.eiu.com/graphics/assets/images/public/hands.png http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_G4WW7SFy0AI/STbD_i7fwCI/AAAAAAAABCc/wZ6b1rKtjGs/s400/hitlerarmstretch SOURCE: https://www.eiu.com/graphics/assets/images/public/hands.png SOURCE: http://www.reginasfamilyseasons.com/2010/10/fear-or-respect-democracy-or.html

What’s the difference in the forms of government? SOURCE: http://totus-blog.blogspot.com/2010/07/2012-election-and-totalitarianism.html SOURCE: http://truedemocracyparty.net/voting-machines/ REPUBLIC TOTALITARIANISM What’s the difference in how power is vested in a system and the relationship of the people to power? SOURCE: http://truedemocracyparty.net/voting-machines/ http://totus-blog.blogspot.com/2010/07/2012-election-and-totalitarianism.html

What’s the difference in the forms of government? SOURCE: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/05/bbc.royalsandthemedia ABSOLUTE MONARCHY DIRECT DEMOCRACY What’s the difference in these forms of government? How many people are considered vested with power? Sources: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/05/bbc.royalsandthemedia http://greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html

How are these two forms of government alike? SOURCE: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/05/bbc.royalsandthemedia SOURCE: http://greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html OLIGARCHY DICTATORSHIP What is the similarity between these types of governments? Sources: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/05/bbc.royalsandthemedia http://greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html

Let’s see what we know… Which are you ready to answer, and which do you need a peek? Which of the following best explains the difference between a constitutional monarchy and dictatorship? F power is vested in one person in a constitutional monarchy G power is divided among citizens in a dictatorship H dictators are limited in their application fo power J constitutional monarchies limit the monarch’s power through elected parliaments What is the difference between democracy in Canada and in the United States? A Canada is a commonwealth of a constitutional monarchy B Canada’s government is totalitarian C The United States government has unlimited power D The United States has a commonwealth relationship with Great Britain Questions by: YISD Social Studies Team

Talk to each other, and then talk to me… WG.14.B Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries. How are the same forms of government used differently in different places?

Of Rights

How do countries differ in their forms of government? Still Monarchy 1951-2000 1900-1950 Became Republics after independence from a monarchy or colonial power Gave up monarchy SOURCES: http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/images/monarchy.gif http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/images/monarchy.gif Which countries still have a monarchy or constitutional monarchy?

MONARCHIES STILL STANDING Nation Title (in English) Constitutional Limitations Established Japan Empire 1947 Great Britain Kingdom 1688 (Commonwealths: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc. ) Spain 1977 Netherlands 1848 Sweden 1809 Belgium 1830 Denmark 1849 21 more… 8 are Constitutional Monarchies SOURCE: http://www.worldaudit.org/ SOURCE: http://www.worldaudit.org/

How do countries differ in their forms of government? SOURCE: http://www.worldaudit.org/ According to this source, which countries offer the most rights to their people, and which the least? Which would you guess follow: Republicanism, Totalitarianism, or something in between? SOURCE: http://www.worldaudit.org/images/fh99map.gif

How do countries differ in their forms of government? http://u4ya.ca/blog/2011/01/18/visualizing-the-worlds-injustice/ NOTE: Not all citizens in the United States exercise their vote. As such, it’s engagement is not as fully realized as in other republics such as Canada, Australia, or Greenland. “Flawed democracies” are those that do no always honor the rights accorded its citizens in their own constitutions, or that do not always procedurally honor its election processes or results. According to this source, where is democracy most fully engaged? Do you agree or disagree with the sources interpretation?

A Tale of Two Freedoms Still Monarchy Canada and the United States are both democracies. What accounts for the difference in their type of government if they are both democracies?